Select Corner Including The Equalization Of Basic Public Services: The Basis Of Institutional Arrangements And Policies

Equalization of public service (EPS) is an indispensable part of a society with its development, and also is the embodiment and requirement of contemporary equal and justice in public service fields. Observing worldwide, both the theories and practices of EPS appeared at its first among the western developed countries. This is because of their necessary substance basis on the one hand, also because of evolution of the theory on equal and justice and its influence upon the distribution of social resource including public service on the other hand. In western countries, fiscal equity and the EPS are the two sides of a coin, due to financial income are mainly spent upon the supplying of public service. Contrasting to developed countries; the EPS is emphasized by the theory and practice in our country only in the past several years. During the past twenty years, we have accumulated enough wealth to carry out the EPS. And at the same time, the enlarging gap of personal income and imbalance between state income and inhabitant development make the practicing of the EPS necessary.The realization of EPS depends both on financial capabilities and regime as its prop.Public service has wide scopes, it including so many areas that this dissertation mainly discusses about public education, health care, etc. which relating to the development of inhabitants. From institutional economics angle, beginning with the concept, value and reality basis of EPS, this article evaluates the EPS in nowadays China by constructing EPS evaluating data system and the provincial difference and the gap of city and rural areas. According to the non-EPS, by constructing calculation economics module, the article analyses the factors influencing the non-EPS with inter-provincial panel data. The positive elements demonstrates that the economic development level, fiscal decentralization, the central transferring system, the scale of local government and local financial constructing situation influence the local financial dispersing on public service. According to the abovementioned conclusion, this article analysis the institutional barrels and restriction factors from governmental functions, public financial regime construction, trans-government transfer payments system, public service providing system, local government and its officials incentive system, the criterion of public service and its evaluation system. Today western countries are improving and reforming their EPS policies. By comparing and analyzing, we can acquire many beneficial enlightens. There are some common practices in institutional basis, basic principles which can be learned from. Their different approaches on the EPS tell us that different states should determine their different ways to realize EPS. According to our situation, to maintain a sustainable realization of EPS, firstly we should stick to the balance of fairness and efficiency, step by step in a long term, and government-oriented policy. Secondly, we should maintain the market economy, the separation of central and local government in power as its institutional basis. And finally we should strengthen institutional construction including public financial system, transfer payments system, local government incentive system, the EPS criterion and evaluation system and the public service providing system, and pay attention to the balance among the connected systems.