Research On Equalization Effect Of Transfer Payments To Cities And Prefectures For Basic Public Services In Tibet Autonomous Region

The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that by 2035,equal access to basic public services will be achieved,per capita disposable income will be raised to a new level,the proportion of middle-income groups will rise significantly,and people will live a happier life.Under the background of deepening the reform of the financial system,the transfer payment system is conducive to improving the financial level of local governments,restraining the financial gap,and thus promoting the equalization of basic public services.However,under the current financial system,the equalization effect of transfer payments from the central government or transfer payments from the province needs to be further improved.Due to its special geographical location and difference in resource endowment,the supply level and quality of basic public services in Tibet Autonomous Region are far behind those in the mainland,that is to say,Tibet Autonomous Region is unique and representative in the issue of equalization of basic public services.Research on equalization of basic public services for transfer payments in the Tibet Autonomous Region will help Tibet,along with the rest of the country,make new breakthroughs in high-quality economic development and greatly improve people’s living standards in the new era.This paper first defines the relevant concepts of transfer payment,basic public service and equalization of basic public service,expounds the relevant theories of public product,fiscal decentralization,public finance and welfare economics,and summarizes the influence mechanism of transfer payment on equalization of basic public service.Secondly,it mainly analyzes the current situation of transfer payments to seven prefecture-level cities of Tibet Autonomous Region and the current situation of input and output of basic public services at prefecture-level cities of Tibet Autonomous Region.When analyzing the supply and equalization level of basic public services in prefecture-level cities of Tibet Autonomous Region from the perspective of output,it combines previous studies and based on the actual situation of Tibet.An index system for evaluating the supply level of basic public services at prefecture-level cities in Tibet Autonomous Region was established,and the supply level and equalization degree of basic public services were analyzed by combining the comprehensive evaluation method and coefficient of variation method.Finally,in the empirical analysis part,the financial equalization coefficient TE is first introduced to conclude that the transfer payment has narrowed the gap between the own financial resources of the cities in Tibet Autonomous Region,and the financial equalization effect of the transfer payment is continuously improved.On this basis,the basic public service equalization index of the seven cities in Tibet from 2011 to 2020 is further calculated according to the above chapter.To explore to what extent transfer payment affects the level of equalization of basic public services between cities and cities.According to the analysis,the conclusions are as follows: first,the municipal governments of Tibet Autonomous Region depend on transfer payments to a high degree;Second,the total supply of basic public services at prefecture-level cities in the Tibet Autonomous Region has increased,and the level of equality has continued to improve.Among them,the equal level of medical and health care,social security,employment and cultural services in Tibet Autonomous Region is gradually improving,but the basic education services have not improved.Third,transfer payments have improved the level of financial equality at prefectural and municipal levels in the Tibet Autonomous Region.Transfer payments from the Tibet Autonomous Region Government to municipal governments have increased year by year,and the level of financial resources has been significantly improved,narrowing the gap in financial resources among regions,and raising the level of equality.Fourthly,transfer payment promotes the equalization of basic public services at prefecture-level level in Tibet Autonomous Region.The empirical analysis results show that the financial level of municipal governments has been significantly improved after the transfer payment is allocated by Tibet Autonomous Region.Therefore,local governments will spend more financial expenditure on basic public services and improve the supply level of local basic public services.The provision of basic public services in the cities of Tibet Autonomous Region tends to be more equal.Therefore,the following suggestions are put forward: promote the autonomous region to adapt the transfer payment system to the responsibility division of the construction of equal basic public services;To provide funds for transfer payments to the autonomous region;Optimize the transfer payment structure of autonomous regions;Standardize the allocation of transfer payment funds by autonomous regions;Establish a reasonable incentive and restraint mechanism to improve the performance of the autonomous region’s use of transfer payment funds.