The Research On The Univesity Resources Competition In China During Social Transition

In the late 20th century, two "priority projects"——"211 project" and "985project" have been introduced by china's higher education system in the context of social transformation characterized by "Chinese-style transition" and the foundamental change of production as well as lifestyle. These projects, together with the ongoing "Key Discipline"policy, "Key Laboratory"policy and "The New Century Talents"policy, constitute a key-orientied competition policy supply system, which is undoubtedly of great historical significance to the further development of higher education in china. However, equal attention should be paid to the fact that university's resource structure, competion structure and higher education structure are deeply influenced by related policies. As a result, the research process of this proposition is not only a dialogue process with traditional Chinese culture and system, but also a review process of policies. Meanwhile,it can be said that it is a rational construction process led by ideal spirit.The biggest problem of China university resources competition is that the competition is "out of rules", the "rules" stands for regulations and standards and represents an appropriate condition. The university resources competition "anomie" is that some universities don't follow the regulations and even break the rules in the competition for dependence resources, all these lead to the excessive competition, and meanwhile, the competition for the independence resources are obviously insufficient. This unreasonable phenomenon is reflected in two aspects. On one hand, the competitions for the state-owned and steady resources are too fierce; on the other hand, the universities are lack of motivation for market competition which has the massive potential resources. Therefore, the resources competition between Chinese universities still has no marketability. Limitation in participation, lack of order, short of responsibility and limited benefits are the basic characteristics of university resources competition. The "limitation" of competition is resulted from "insufficient resource supply". With the absence of basic main resource supplier in the market, the problems of quantity of material resource shortage, the intellectual resources of supply, the disparity between environmental resources increase and the expected resources are the features showed by the resource supply system.Resource limitation is the objective factor that influences the reality of competition, meanwhile, the influence of competition policy are more spontaneous. Through the research of the national science and social fund object, it is fund that college competitive behavior in micro operation shows that resources competition are asymmetric and the intension of competition is decided by content of the status of resource and the feature of the whole competition structure is formed into the typical cascade filtration style. Comparing the reality of microscope competition with the change of competition policy in the history that focus on keynotes, it completely reflects that the competition policy has certain administrative monopoly. Certainly, administrative monopoly is not totally the expression of government' will that affected by the "personal preference". The objective elements for the government to decide the policies are based on the transformation of internal relationship of higher education, and the transformation from the "biggest county" to the "strangest county" in the higher education development and the very special incentive time background of "millennium age". Therefore, in the strategic choice of higher education development the government chooses to mainly "support the stronger" rather than to "help the weaker or special ones". If the development strategy is taken into practice, the "Matthew effect" of competition policy will be inevitable, and meanwhile, the "urban and rural" dual structure of higher education is formed.Policy is subject to the system, On one hand, to make the policies, the need of external environmental condition have to be considered, and a more important aspect is the internal decision-making "habits", that is dependence of power. Therefore, the administrative membership of universities'basic competitive power is the inevitable result of power-driving government has dominated the tradition.. Among these, political elite power and the academic elite power are the two basic dominate power. Under the allocation of power, the university resources competitive relationship is strongly interfered and controlled. which will easily lead to political variation and interests variation, and also make the government and the policies be questioned. That is to say, the allocation of power is just the normal way of Chinese higher education allot the resource, and it is proved that the cost is high. Therefore, in the university resourece competition, it is necessary for the government to promote power demisibility and this is possible. Firstly, power demisibility will increase the social and resource costs; secondly, power demisibility help the government optimize the competition environment. Thirdly, it can reduce the cost for the government to make policies.By straighten up the relationships of problems, reality, policy and system, we finally find that university resource competition is not pure competitive problems, but the problem about the power that takes the resource allocation as the media and also the allocation of power. Therefore, to design a rational structure of university resource competition has to cover three aspects:power, resource and competition. First of all, the rational choice for power of service-oriented type is the logical premise for the university resource competition, to reduce the cost of power allocation must successful transform the rational power from external control to internal control, at the same time, to promote the reform of examination and approval system, including carefully setting up administrative zones, relaxing the administrative restrictions and promoting administrative services; Secondly, the marketized rational choice for resource is the operation environment of university resource competition, including the accumulation of resource with the purpose of free rationality, the development of resource with the purpose of exchange rationality and the resource operation for the cost rationality; thirdly, the targeted rational choice for resource is the optimized foundation of university resource competition. It is reflected in three aspects, rationality in rules with the connotation of classified competition, rationality in strategy with the connotation of differentiation strategy and the rationality in values with the connotation of justice, tolerance and cooperation.