Republic Of China Xinjiang Ethnic Relations

The book through the ethnonymics and the history method setting in Xinjiang national relationships in the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949) discussed its distribution, pattern, change and national policies implemented by Successive rulers as well as the effect,in order to explore and summarize the administration experiences and lessons,the basic factors and means of reconciliation in border and minority-inhabited areas. So that we can make a great contribution to the security, development, stabilization and harmony in Northwest Frontier Regions by the lessons from which we draw furthermore to improve and promote relationship between ethnic groups today.By the analysis to the historical material, the conclusions were made as follow:1. Under unimaginable hardship Yang Zengxin depending on his own efforts with the help of cajolement policy and Huanglao theory formulated realistic policies ruled Xinjiang 17 years and made the dream of securing the state and comforting the people realized. With a harmonious and equal national relationship and the alleviation of the prejudice greatly. People, living a happy life and having enough to eat and wear basically, had confidence in the government furthermore. In addition, the academic community has made an analysis and put forward the opinions about the issues that Yang Zengxin suggested conferring Altai and Kazakhstan royalty who lived in Tacheng as well as that he conspired to slaughter uprising peasants.2. People are unable to endure Jin Shuren administration which was selfish, corruption, tyrant, cruelty, and incompetent. As a result, with the social problems becoming worse and worse, it was bond to break out as the form of national contradiction and the interfere of the outside could do nothing but made the situation more and more complicated. With the spreading of the war and the erosion of the social, every group fall victim to it, especially the Han group bear and brunt, consequently national relationship worsened rapidly. The extremists ran amuck against society and the emergence of the vendetta and separate gave birth to the East Turkistan Islamic separate power.The book has made a research in detail about the ins and outs of the power, which can be regarded as one of innovations more or less3. Relying on the Soviet Union to control Xijiang, Sheng Shicai. in the form of peace, anti-imperialist, people first and rectitude, guided by Semi-Marxist-Leninist theory launched an all-round construction to make a new Xijiang. After years of hard working, each group in accompanied by the increasing consciousness of national identity, being surrounded by harmonious and friendly national relationship, enjoyed the preliminary fruits of hard labor and endorsed the six policies implemented by governor Sheng.However, along with the gradual enhancement of the CPC, with Sheng's dictatorship and agents rule and under Soviet Union manipulation, which by the end led to an irreconcilable inconsistency between the two. Also four cases of conspiracy to riot weren't only the sign against which fought fiercely but the sign that Sheng had turned to the reactionary, which accounted for the Kazakhs'fugitive from his control. Then its shock wave throw all ethnic groups were in extreme misery, varies of factors that: people's mistrust to the government because of the tyranny rule, the minority nationalities'detestation of Han's regime, the lack of preventive defenses when Kuomintang government's takeover of the region, the loopholes formed during the interregnum, and the revenge from the Soviet Union, which made the midwifery of the East Turkistan separatist regime.A preliminary analysis to Sheng's action in anti-Soviet Union has been made that there were two reasons from both his speculation attitude and the oppression from the Soviet Union.4. Kuomintang government's failure in battle, chaos in politic and enormous decline in economy, people's living a difficult and hard life, society being flooded with varies schools'of thoughts and the national relationships becoming worse and worse, Kuomintang, in order to Safeguard sovereignty and territorial integrity and unity, about the "Yining Incident" took an compromise attitude. At the same time Zhang Zhizhong's Coalition Government tried to subsume Yining to Chinese territory and political administration, but in support of the Soviet Union, Yining side decided to drive Kuomintang out of Xinjiang and refused the suggestion, and it was again under the Soviet Union's arrangement that Yining side changed its attitude and made contact with the CPC on their own initiative, remedy their fault and became one of the members of China New democratic Revolution.The efforts to maintain territorial integrity and unity made by the Kuomintang government should be affirmed, however, its policy in response to the issue turned out a failure, from which lessons should be learned indeed.