Research On University Personnel System Change In China

The personnel system of the Chinese colleges and universities experienced a period of three characteristics:the late Qing Dynasty (1898-1911) College Personnel concentration of power in the Staff bureaucratic educational sovereignty by foreign interference, showing the characteristics of semi-colonial; Republic of China (1912-1949 years) colleges and universities centralization co-exist with democracy, the personnel authority was concentrated in the principal, but at the same time colleges and universities to implement democratic management of the "Professors, university staff and gradually go to the bureaucracy, education gradually independent sovereignty; colleges and universities from the new China (1949-present) centralization to liquidity management, administrative decentralization, fixed management contract and remuneration evolved into elasticity from the average assigned to the performance allocation, at the same time, the new Chinese universities heavy "foreign" light "in the" brain drain coexist and the prevalence of economic reform are incompatible with the contemporary market of Talents Scheme.Affect the university personnel system changes, the main exogenous variables (foreign university personnel system, the domestic political system, cultural system), the endogenous variables (academic prosperity, the pursuit of efficiency), the action variables (government, cultural elites and interest groups).Exogenous variables tremendous impact on the Chinese University Personnel. Chinese universities since generated a critical period of imitation of foreign universities, coupled with major changes in Chinese universities, there is a country on the international university personnel system model for imitation in China, so the foreign university personnel system laid each period of the basic framework of China's university personnel system, international inherent qualities of the Chinese university personnel system. Specifically:the Japanese system in the late Qing Dynasty grafting, transplanting the German system of the United States, France, the new China imitate the personnel system of the Soviet Union, the United States. Political system affect the university personnel system, the ultimate home of three points:First, the college personnel authority, affect the central level educational administrative agencies set and the third is the division of powers of central and local education administrative bodies and government and school relationship. Cultural systems, the personnel system changes for the personnel system to provide the support of a concept, provide legitimacy to the support, or to create a personnel system that can be accepted by the atmosphere, mainly as follows:the totalitarianism of the central educational administrative centralization; the "official position" is the cultural basis of the bureaucratization of the university staff and university management departments; collectivistic cultures, the College is established within the organization of the collegiate system in the form; the spirit of openness to the university personnel system by the impact of foreign university personnel system; great importance to moral ethical standards and to explain the Chinese university personnel system staff "Germany"; special 'Chinese colleges and universities in the teachers' appointment, evaluation, promotion showed great importance to learning edge, geopolitical features.Endogenous variable (the pursuit of academic prosperity and efficiency of the target) is an important factor to affect the university personnel system changes. The organizational characteristics of colleges and universities is mainly academic, the university is composed of academic staff-teachers, colleges and universities accounted for the power of the dominant position of academic power, making the university personnel system changes can not be separated from the pursuit of the democratic management of Academic. University personnel system in many ways embodies the academic requirements:First, university autonomy has been the aspirations of the Chinese universities; Second, the academic goal is the motivation of Chinese universities in various academic management organization was established; Finally, the internal management system of Chinese university personnel reflects the the pursuit of academic goals, such as teacher hiring, promotion, emphasis on academic qualifications; teacher evaluation, assessment, salary distribution, dismissed the emphasis on academic performance; sabbatical leave, visiting scholars, study abroad system to promote the academic development of teachers; Academic Affairs Management The organization stressed that the composition of the staff of academic identity, Professors, and decentralization to departments of internal democratic management are respect for the embodiment of academic power. The hierarchical organization characteristic of colleges and universities to determine the efficiency is one of the goals of the university's organization. Despite the bureaucratic system for colleges and universities will cause a lot of drawbacks, colleges and universities still need the bureaucratic system. Because the assistance of the bureaucratic system of the university's academic system needs in order to better accomplish the goal of Institutions of Higher Education. Bureaucratic system through the colleges and universities to establish the administrative authority of the enhanced level of integration in a unified ideology loosely organized, so that colleges and universities to scientific, rational, standardized procedures, and mission to its members, thus ensuring smooth universities run and successfully achieve its organizational goals of academic prosperity. In other words, universities need a bureaucratic system to achieve the pursuit of its rationality, legality and efficiency. College of insufficient resources also forced universities to efficiency as one of the organizational goals of colleges and universities. The efficiency target is the obvious tendency of Chinese universities have been bureaucratization of the most important reason. Efficiency goals of Chinese university institutional restructuring to cut costs to become one of the driving forces of the Chinese university personnel system changes, at the same time, the pursuit of efficiency competition, performance, quantitative management, the key words of the contemporary university personnel system.The action variables that affect the university personnel system changes the Chinese government, the cultural elite, the game between the interest groups will also affect the changes of the Chinese university personnel system. The general characteristics of the university personnel system led by the government personnel system changes, the government-led university personnel system with mandatory changes the characteristics of the same time, the university personnel system of supply shortage and oversupply coexist. The role of the cultural elite Chinese university personnel system changes is to provide intellectual support for the creation and reform of the university personnel system. The intellectual support for the first, as chief of staff for the education administrative department officials make suggestions and help develop the university personnel system; the second is the text of Writing, foreign university personnel system. The cultural elite has also developed regulations affect the national college personnel system. This kind of cultural elite is generally served as officials in charge of education, and developed in their term of office of the National University regulations enacted, has an impact on the national university personnel system. An important aspect of the cultural elite affect the university personnel system is the they personally implementation of the university personnel system. Representative case of the late Qing Zhang Baixi adjust the Imperial University personnel arrangements, Zhang Zhidong, founder of Sanjiang Normal; Republic of Cai Yuanpei, Chiang Meng-lin reform Peking University, Mei Yiqi maintenance of the Tsinghua School of democratic governance system, Guo Bingwen in the Southeast university implementation of the board of directors system. The game between interest groups will also affect the university personnel system to the Republic of China, a professor at Tsinghua University groups, student groups, the principal groups, Tsinghua University, the Board of Directors to promote the game in contention right to the universities, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University Professors system formed and consolidated off.The ideal picture of the university personnel system is respect for the characteristics of the Academic Organization, academic goals first, university autonomy, academic freedom, Professor of scholarly research as the cornerstone of building a Chinese university personnel system.