Research On Sprint And Medium Distance Female Swimmer Training Process

Twenty years, even thirty, that the length of career life as an excellent swimming athlete. Since sprint and medium distance female swimming is one of the advantage sports events of China, the study of sprint and medium distance female swimmers'training process would help in revealing the regulation of training, enlarging success, prolonging athletes'life, and promoting best performances in major events.This research targeting on sprint and medium distance(50,100,200meters) female swimmers, by means of Literature, investigation.statistics and logic analyze their process of overall perennial training, cyclic Olympic training,, annual training, trainings per week and lesson. The study show following results:Features of ages:Swimmers start as beginners at7, pass into nonprof'essional training stage at8, enter provincial team at12, and accomplish as a member of national swimming team at15.5. The average length of this process is8years. And88%athletes in provincial assembled teams hold standards as first grade athletes.Features of manipulating swimmers'training:Essential factors of athletes'personal achievements vary as their level move forward. At the foundation stage, the combination of athletes'natural sense of water, personal technique, physical quality, and refrain excessive training; while in improving stage, integrated techniques development, remain specific event unstated, evolutionary practice, and undiscovered talents; peak stage:spectacular techniques, efficiency, masseurs against injuries and illnesses; preserve stage:enthusiasm, strength training, proper competitions, and interactive training.For sprint and medium distance swimmers,86%training lessons are comprehensive lessons. The frequency of lesson alteration increase when levels move forward, as in following numbers:13.6%in preparing period, 21%in special improving period, and31%in per-competition period. Menses is the major reason of adoptions. Besides that, injuries and illnesses in preparing period, unreasonable measures in special improving period, personal emotions and psychological status in per-competition periods, also matters greatly.During the Olympic cycle, performances of sprint and medium distance Chinese female swimmers were influenced by the National Games, in regular pattern of impact-improve or preserve-fall back-improve-impact. The recovery year would be the coming year after the National Game.Features of long term practices:Sprint distance swimmers take shorter time at preparing period and special improving period, longer time in pre-competition period, and have their training decrement earlier, in comparison with middle distance swimmers. In papering period, the quantity of gross training and special training was even in both events. In special improving and per-competition period, sprint distance swimmers have larger amount of special training, yet, less gross training; while middle distance swimmers would spent more time on gross training, of which free stylle take high proportion.