Reflection Of The Semi-rich Modern Education Development In The 20th Century

On the basis of investigating the fundamental course of the development of education in the first half of the 20th century of China,the dissertation makes research and reflection on the exploration of education creating,search of education scientification,study of subject independence of education and formation of subject system of education made by Chinese researchers in the first half of the 20th century. By the study of these aspects,the paper attempts to draw the outline of the process and evolutionary logic of education's introduction from abroad to creating,makes a judgement and finally provides historical experience for the current development of education in our country.This dissertation roughly divides the development of education in the first half of the 20th century of China into the following three stages:the start stage with introduction as its main feature(1901-1915);the construction stage with imitation as its main feature(1915-1927);the exploratory stage with creating as its main feature( 1927-1949).And on this basis,the paper states that Chinese education in the first half of the 20th century mainly faced four problems of education creating,education scientification,subject independence of education and formation of subject system of education.In the first half of the 20th century,the problem of the exploration of education creating experienced three stages:germinating the consciousness of "suiting national conditions";having the idea of education creating;putting forward clearly education creating. On the basis of discussing the three stages,the dissertation mainly analyses the nature of education creating and holds the view that this nature mainly manifests itself in how to handle the relationships existing among educational development and Chinese and Western cultures,science and technology,educational development and educational practice. Although Chinese researchers had had some ideas about education creating,they still lacked the more specific aid of practice. So education creating stayed more at the cognitive level and the problem of education creating was not solved.During the developmental course of Chinese education in the first half of the 20th century,the thought of education scientification formed as the result of the interaction of scientism and western education,and the need of building education as an independent subject as well. On the problem of education scientification,Chineseresearchers had three kinds of opinions:education is a science;educational facts are the only object of study for education;scientific approach is the only study approach for education. In the first half of the 20th century,Chinese researchers' seeking of education scientification produced some positive effects,not only helping people to study education with scientific spirit and methods,bringing about the specialization of educational research,but also promoting the further division of subject system of education. But at the same time negative effects were also produced and were mainly manifested as follows. First,education's character of scientific standard was neglected. Second,educational value was excluded from the educational research,disregarding the artificial quality of educational activity,overlooking researchers' value and life experience,and affecting the absorption of research achievements in humanities. Third,as the result of taking scientific approach as the only research approach of education,a fact was ignored that there was a limit to the application of scientific approach in educational research. Induction was emphasized,but deduction was ignored. Besides,educational situation in China,the internalization of scientific spirit and scientific attitude were also overlooked.Centering on the problem of whether education is an independent subject,two different opinions were formed in the 1930s,i.e. education is not an independent subject and education is an independent subject. Actually,researchers in favor of the view that education is an independent subject formed two unders...