Study Of Vocational Education And Training In Peasants's Non-agricultural Employment In Poverty Area

The employment problem of the Chinese peasant is the biggest problem of China; peasant's basic way-out is their employment in non-agricultural industry. One of the main obstacles of peasant's non-agricultural employment is their non-agricultural labor socialization. They have no appropriate vocational education and training. They not only lack of social culture and social skill for contemporary non-agricultural vocation, but also lack of labor technology for contemporary non-agricultural vocation. Therefore, the effective means to promote non-agricultural employment of peasant is to give them vocational education and training, and help them smoothly find non-agricultural job by suitable medium or labor market.The peasants in poverty areas have more obstacles in their non-agricultural employment. The first is the limitation of non-agricultural industries development in poverty areas. Besides human resources, other resource is limited in poverty areas. The development of second and the third industry is slow. Township enterprisers and personal businessmen are few and the scale of them is small. Therefore, they can only absorb fewer rural labors in poverty areas. The second is the limitation of urban labor market. The demand of secondary labor of urban labor market is limited. Furthermore, the secondary labor market system is immature. It is self-moving, primitive, vivid, seasonal, marginal, so it is a limitation for peasants' off-farm employment. The third is the limitation of peasants' social capital. Peasants' social capital is mainly formed by networks of blood relationship and geographical relationship. This leads the limitation of their employment information channel. If peasants can utilize untraditional social relationship network, utilize weak relationship to gain employment information, undoubtedly, their employment chances increased more. The forth is the limitation of non-agricultural socialization of peasants. The socialization of peasant includes urban socialization and non-agricultural labor socialization of peasant. It is the process of learning cultures and skills that peasant needs to live in cities and also the process of accepting social value and behavior regulation. The fifth is the limitation of quality of peasant. Their value is traditional and they lack of knowledge and technology for off-farm employment. Therefore, to promote off-farm employment of peasant must strengthen their vocational education and training. Through vocational education and training, it can increase their social capital, promote their non-agricultural socialization, improve their quality and increase their human capital. Peasants' non-agricultural vocational education and training is vocational education and training includes vocation knowledge, vocation technology, vocation ethic, social knowledge and social ability which aim at promoting peasants' employment in second and third industry section. It is the education and training with employment orientation. Peasants' non-agricultural vocational education and training differ from peasants' agriculture vocational education and training, and also differ from the vocational education and training of city residents. Peasants' non-agricultural vocational education and training is a process of peasant continuous socialization, a process of non-agricultural socialization of peasant learning non-agricultural social culture, knowledge and skill, a process of peasant increasing personal social capital, and a process of constructing public social capital. With the view of economics, Peasants' non-agricultural vocational education and training is a process of increase human capital of peasant. The peasants' demand of vocational education and training is very large, and government adds the investment of peasant vocational education every year. However, peasant vocational education always goes back and forth even appears backset. The main reason is that the supplier of peasant vocational education and training is unitary, and government only depends on public v...