Non-deterministic And The Survival Of The Modern

Most of the contemporary philosophical schools focus their attention on the question of uncertainty, which reflects a basic fact that the modern society is a liquid society and the existence of modern humankind is shaky. And this dissertation does discuss the question of uncertainty from the fact above mentioned.On the whole, humankinds pass through different stages such as myth, ontology thinking, and self-conscious thinking during the pursuit of the certainty. And modernity is a process of the decline of the mystery contrast with the rise of the self, which tries to seek the certain existence base from the humankind and not from the outside. This on one hand reflects the specialty of the modern society, on the other hand, the old order frame has been deconstructed and the aspect of desire emerges clearly. The contradiction resolving around the certainty and the uncertainty constitutes the reality of modern human existence.The development of modern society reflects the growth of the self and the secularization. In this process, not only the self gets rid of the chains from outside, but also the irrational tries to shake off the control of the reason. So, the sensual and experimental have been shown fully. When not pursuing the metaphysical, the self loses the sublimity and integrity and is fractured. Modern society does not regard the community as the prime good but tries to realize the aim of self-consciousness, self-determination and self-realization. Individualism from the bound of community promotes the realization of the individual freedom and right, but the seeds of pluralism have been planted also, which makes the value consensus becomes a difficult question that contemporary society must be faced up with. At last, modern society tries to construct a certain frame for the nature according to humankind's mind, which lays down the base to limit and oppress the nature. During the abstract use of the science and technology, modern humankinds want to deal with the nature with the thinking of the simplicity. By this, they want to make the nature develop according to their own minds. Contrary to their minds, the risks and crisis led by humankinds appears, which constitutes a threat to humankinds'existence.In a word, the modernity based on self tries to construct certainty in the frame of dichotomy, between the self and nature, self and community, experiential and transcendental. As a result, the conflict takes the place of dialogue and harmony. And the modernity trying to realize the certainty has not realized its aim easily, what's more, self-identity crisis, value consensus and uncertainty by humankinds come out. Modern humankinds are faced with the difficulty of unrooted existence state. So, it's necessary to breaks up the frame of dichotomy and to construct a new concept of the self in order to constitute a solid base for modern humankinds'existence. And the new concept of self and reason of Marxism based on practice gives us a solid base for the reconstruction of certainty.