Western Modernity And The Process Of Modernization In China

Notwithstanding, modernity as great transition, is "a Western phenomenon", its arrival and principles in Asian countries has influenced radically all the elements which constitute oriental thinking-politically, culturally and mentally-as well as cultural and social attitudes.Modernity in its three stages, in the west as liberal modernity, organized modernity and post modernity or "high modernity", affected china profoundly in a way which contemporary history of this country in dialect between Chinese culture and tradition-which existed for thousands of years with few ruptures, was formed. So modern Chinese society, both has universal and particular aspects. Ultimately the most effective way of modernization of china based on Marxist approach which is originally a western ideology.Exteriorization of modernity and its integration into Chinese societies brings structural changes which irreversibly condition the historical evolution of her. The concepts of modernity are being understood by Chinese intellectuals in their own cultural context. Unlike to the west, the experience of modernity in china was sudden and rapid therefore, I call it "modernization." This process was on the shadow of Chinese culture and their understanding of western modernity.In fact, modernity has brought a definite end to some possibility of returning to the sources of the past, it weakened culturalism in china, complicates her existence and creates a division between the past and the present in local cultures; such a situation generates on the one hand an attraction for modernity and on the other a tendency to combine both modern and traditional values. But the creation of this kind of situation does not exclude the existence of a real wish to return to the past and real attempts to do so. The history of modern China is one in which nationalism replaces culturalism as the dominant Chinese view of their identity and place in the world. Shifting from culturalism to nationalism in china was so important transition which can be considered as "one of the biggest changes in the Chinese three thousand years history" anyhow, Chinese could not completely rejected their culture and heritage. Therefore we can find some track of culturalism in Chinese nationalism today.At the second stage of modernity, Chinese elites by accepting Marxism as ideology attempted to analyses the situation of their society and interpreted the modern age. They also used it as weapon against foreign occupiers and a path to "Chinese modern society" in order to achieve their independence. Communist did their best to organize china's society by four forms of networks ofver:"ideological, economic and political" and additionally of "military power" during Mao's era. CCP and red army as modern organization were used to organize the modern institution and structures through out of china.The second generation of Chinese communist leader at the "high modern time" by choosing a strategy which economy was at its center could change the internal and international position of china. They were awarded that with the collapse of communism in Soviet Union and eastern European countries, the demystification of Mao and economic development has become the prime justification for china's communist rule. So the implementation of reform and open door policy and economic doctrine of neo liberalism and some other elements were put on agenda. This new situation on one hand supported Beijing to play more roles in international affairs and closed herself to western power, on the other hand brought some new social problems and made china far from third world countries.The lack of ideology after Maoism era made it all the more important for the government to use nationalism to fill the ideology void. Chinese communist party also tried to adjust itself to the new situation."After three decades of reform, new concerns, such as economic inequality and environmental degradation, regional inequality, especially between the inland and coastal regions, between rural and urban areas, and the gap between rich and poor has emerged in china which is the biggest threat of national security of china.At the global level the western powers consider uprising of china as threat to their own interest so they did their best to put boundaries on china in order to control her behavior and demolish Chinese culture desire to present a new way of modernity which is mach with structure of Chinese society and create "bigger china."Certainly, China in order to achieve to sustainable development stage, not only needed peace and time but also she also has to present a new way of modernity which is based on Asian culture and identity and apply different elements of great Asian civilization, otherwise isolation and serious challenges with the west without real confederates who had some aspect of common culture and history with China play active role in decelerating rise of China and will work as poison to China's modern civilization...