The Development And Transformation Of American Higher Education From The Civil-War To The Early 20th Century

The Era from the Civil-War to the early 20th century is the period of the initial formation of the system of American higher education. The dissertation, through the historical research on the development and transformation of American higher education during this period, explores the process in which the system of modern American higher education has been grown up, also expounds the internal rules of interdependence and interaction between the social political, economic and cultural development and American higher education.Based on the wealthy resources of the educational history, this,dissertation interprets some important transformations taken place in the field of American higher education during this historical period. First, the land-grant colleges have been founded in order to meet the needs of the modernization of American agriculture and industry. Second,American research-universities have been established, which are based on the modern German higher education ideas--teaching and learning freedom, to heighten the fume of American higher education in the world. Third, the junior college movement has been rising, which meets the social needs and increases the scholarship standards. The traditional colleges, espically founded in the colonial time, have gradually been reformed and become the-modern universities by the introduction of the elective system during this period.The system of American modern higher education has been built up in this period. Teaching, research and social service become one integral part of the function of American higher education. Junior college,college and university are the component of the American higher education level structure. And the Associate degree,Bachelor degree,Master degree and Doctor degree form the American higher education degree system.It dialectically analyses and gathers some important historical experiences which are drawn from the development and transformation of Ameri-can higher education: active adaptation "to the social economic development, appropriate participation by tlhe government, scientific resolution of the contradiction between educational tradition and change, foreign experiences and the country's practice. At last, the dissertation concludes the implication of the development of our country's higher education in the future from the above American experiences. \ â–  , > .