Research On Education Investment And Economic Increase In Ethnic Regions

Ethnic education is an important part of socialist educational cause in China. Whether it can develop continuously, rapidly and healthily is connected with the success of our country's educational cause. Due to the influence of various factors such as history and reality etc., ethnic education has greatly lagged, which need the support of some special policies awarded by the government. The education cannot develop without investment, so do the ethnic education, which cannot be short of the extensive investment from government, society, families and individuals, and the extent of investment determines the supplied level and structure of ethnic education. Among such investment, government plays the dominant part, which is the most important investment body. In the meantime, more social investment bodies should be encouraged. Because of the existing investment system and mechanism, the ethnic education investment are seriously inadequate, which has quite a large capital gap compared with a huge capital demand. Therefore, it's necessary to analyze the reasons of lacking education investment, dissect the activities of various investment bodies, explore the relationships among the investment scale, structure and the economic increase, evaluate the economic effects of education investment objectively, conclude the gain and loss of the education investment policies, reconstruct the education investment system in ethnic regions, which are the key issues that should be intensively studied on currently.Why has the ethnic education lagged for a long time? What are the reasons? Are there any good solutions? Based on these questions, the author thinks that on the poor basis of the education development in the ethnic regions, education investment is the emphasis both for the moment and for quiet a long time in the future, and only intensifying the investment, improving the investment structure, widening the investment channels, improving the investment performances, can education in ethnic regions really achieve a healthy development.The structure of this dissertation is divided into four parts:The first part including the first and the second and the third chapter concludes the experiences and lessons in the development of the ethnic education, in which analyzes the profound reasons of lacking equilibrium between the education supply and education demand, puts forward to the policy suggestions about increasing the education investment to deepen the human resource development. The author believes that the major existing problem in ethnic education is inadequate consumption caused by inadequate investment, and inadequate consumption further leads to a series of problems like the shrinks of education scale, the low education investment effects and the low economic increase ratio by education etc., which makes the inadequate education supply deviate seriously from the thriving education demand. The only way to adjust such phenomenon is to break the bottleneck of education investment, realize the positive cycle of capital supply and educations output, and at last realize the equilibrium between the education supply and demand. Through the microanalysis of education investment's related factors in ethnic regions, the education investment bodies' activities normal formulas, conflicts of interest and its adjustment become the major research objections.The second part of this dissert, including the fourth and the fifth chapters, In this part, the methods of input-output and cost-revenue are adopted in the equilibrium analysis between the education investment and education demand, especially the multiplier principle is used in analyzing the education investment effects, which is an innovation on the aspect of method and achieves the conclusion dovetailed nicely with the reality.The third part, including the sixth, the seventh and the eighth chapters, analyzes the effects of education investment in ethnic regions from three visual angles, explores the relationships and bondage among the financing, banking and taxation in education investment structure and investment system, strengthens the analysis of economic effects of education investment in ethnic regions. And the macro analysis of education investment policy in ethnic regions. Firstly the dissertation economically analyzes the effects of education investment policy, establishes a transmission, intervene and cooperation mechanism of education investment policy, realizing an innovation on the aspect of the system. Secondly, the dissertation explores the legal process of education investment, clears the investment bodies, regulates the rights and obligations, normalizes the investment activities, and pave a legal way for the ethnic education. Herewith, the author proposes to work out a piece of investment law on the ethnic education and implement the assumption and main contents of the law in which should be embodied.The fourth part, including the ninth chapter, proposes a new train of think and some suggestions about the reform of education investment system in ethnic regions. It should stick to the principle of "entering or withdrawing, moderate competition", design a win-win education investment system, implement a education investment system of "government investment first, society investment secondary", establish a compensatory, employment-oriented and industry-oriented education investment system, and establish a normative financial transfer payment system. The designing of these systems are innovative in theory and worthy of practical reference.This dissertation studies on the above important issues based on some research normal formulas and theories such as the education economy, economy and ethnic minority education etc., and draws some important conclusions as following: (1) The reasons of lacking education investment in ethnic regions include accumulated effects caused by inadequate investment, the direct influence caused by non-equilibrium development, the misunderstanding of education's function and the partial counteraction of traditional culture. (2) By means of econometric analysis of the relationship between the education investment and per capital GDP in ethnic regions, two important conclusions are reached. One is that in view of the contribution to the economic increase by per capital public education investment, the contribution ratio of economic increase by education investment in ethnic regions is higher than those in non-ethnic regions and the whole country. Now the fueling function for economic increase by education investment is much higher than the average level of non-ethnic regions and the whole country, and the investment takes effect much more quickly. The other is that compared the education investment coefficient with the capital coefficient in ethnic minority districts, the latter is much larger than the former, which shows that if put into the same quantity of capital and education investment respectively, the contribution ratio of economic increase caused by the input of education is much bigger than that of capital. (3) The financial organizations should put into full play in investment and financing and should be encouraged to develop direct investment to education in ethnic minority districts. (4) In the stage of the compulsory ethnic education, the skill training should be added, and the investment in skill training should be strengthened. According to the reality of population and industrial structure in ethnic regions, in the stage of compulsory education, besides the educational contents required by the state, the skill training of agriculture production should be added in the contents for the students. When invest, partial capital should be taken out for the purposes of constructing experimental and practical bases and agricultural technology fostering laboratories.(5) The reform of the ethnic education system should stick to the principle of "entering or withdrawing, moderate competition", and establish a "central government first, local government secondary" system. On the one hand, the ethnic education investment should be classified and instructed accordingly, and an education investment system of country first and local secondary should be implemented, in which the country undertakes the majority of education investment and the local governments are responsible for management and implement of these investment. On the other hand, when the condition is mature, the rural basic education in ethnic regions could be really free, that is, the rural families don't need to afford any education expenses for their children in school, moreover, they can acquire some certain living subsidies, which should be regarded as one of the key contents carrying out ethnic policies. (6) As for the reform of education investment system and institution arrangement in ethnic regions, the dissertation put forward to the following trains of thought:①To design a win-win education investment system;②To establish compensatory education investment system;③To establish an employment-oriented education investment system;④To establish an industrial-oriented education investment system;⑤To establish a normative financial transfer payment system of compulsory education. (7) The education investment should take up a the legal way, regulating the investment activities by laws, clearing the responsibilities and obligations, improving the effects of capital usage. Therefore, the ethnic education investment law is suggested to formulate as soon as possible.