| The 29th Summer Olympic Games and the 13th summer Paralympics Games will be held in Beijing in 2008. The concerns and the enthusiasm of the citizens become booming.The aims of this research are to realize the character of exercise behavior and the social attitudes to the Beijing Olympics, and increase the mental harmony and positive attitudes, and make further about the attitudes theories. Some college students from Beijing and Xi'an were tested by the questionnaire developed by the researchers, and some of them attended the behavior experiments and neuro-cognitive experiments.The hypothesis are as follows: the attitudes of the college students to Beijing Olympics are positive with negative attitudes on some areas; the attitudes to Beijing Olympics of students from Beijing are more positive than those from Xi'an; there are some differences between the attitudes of the college students to the Beijing Olympics and the Beijing Paralympics; there are some difference between the explicit attitudes and implicit attitudes of the college students to the Beijing Olympics; the students have stereotypes on the advantage games of the Chinese delegation.Some students were investigated on the ideas about the Olympics, Paralympics and mental harmony, then some questions were kept as the items of the questionnaires. 420 college students were tested by these questionnaires, then revised these questionnaires according to the results. The final questionnaires are Social Attitudes Scale on the Beijing Olympic Games, Social Attitudes Scale on the Beijing Paralympics and Harmony Attitudes Scale.About 1009 college students, including 483 from three universities in Beijing and 526 from one university in Xi'an, were tested by the Social Attitudes Scale on the Beijing Olympic Games, Social Attitudes Scale on the Beijing Paralympics and Harmony Attitudes Scale.The results of the questionnaires show: the score of students from Beijing on the knowledge to the Beijing Olympics are lower than those of Xi'an, while on the knowledge to the Beijing Paralympics is on the contrary. The knowledge of both groups on the Beijing Olympics are higher than those on the Beijing Paralympics. The scores of the Beijing students on the Feeling on the Value of Sports and the Self Involvement Motivation are higher than those of the Xi'an students, while on the Expectation to the Beijing Olympics, the Attitudes on the Involvement, the Feeling on the Crisis about the Quality of the Citizen, the Negative Attitudes are on the contrary. The scores of the Xi'an students are higher than those of Beijing students on the Social Value of the Paralympics, the Sports Value of the Paralympics, the Acceptance to the Paralympics, the Humanistic Sprit, the Equality of the Paralympics.For both groups of the students, there are some correlation between the social attitudes to the Olympics and the mental harmony. And there are also some correlation between the social attitudes to the Paralympics and the mental harmony. There also some correlation between the social attitudes to the Beijing Olympics and the social to the Paralympics. There are some correlation between the social attitudes to the Beijing Olympics and the Paralympics.The results of multiple regression analysis shows that the factors are different that influence the Expectation to the Olympics, the Attitudes to Involvement, the Acceptance Attitudes to Paralympics, the Equality to the Paralympics. This shows there some difference between the students from difference cities.The experiment 1 is an Implicit Association Test, the subjects were 75 college students. In this experiment, the subjects were asked to reaction by press some key in the keyboard to recognize whether one word is belong to the Beijing Olympics or belong to the Beijing Paralympics, which are called concept words. Then they were asked to recognize whether a word is positive or negative word, which are called attributive words. At last, they were asked to reaction when the concept words and the attributive words presented together. The reaction time was recorded to measure the implicit attitudes.The results of the experiment I shows: before the Implicit Association Test, the subjects can discriminate the concept words about the Beijing Olympics and the Beijing Paralympics, as well as the attributive words. When the concept words were connected with the attributive words, the subjects reacted faster to the positive choose to the Beijing Olympics than the negative choose to the Paralympics. This shows that the implicit attitudes to the Beijing Olympics of the subjects were much more positive.The experiment II is a priming effects experiment. The subjects were the same as the experiment I. The icons about the Beijing Olympics and the icons about the Beijing Paralympics were used as the priming stimulus, and then the target stimulus appeared after a short stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The subjects were asked to react as soon as possible to recognize whether the word is positive or negative. The reaction time was recorded.The results of the experiment II shows: before the priming, there were no difference effects between the difference attributive words to the subjects. While in the priming condition, the subjects reacted much quickly to the concept words about the Beijing Olympics than those about the Paralympics, this shows that the attitudes of the subjects to the Beijing Olympics were much positive. There were some difference between the subject's reaction to the positive concept words connected to the Beijing Olympics and the negative concept words connected to the Paralympics. There were priming effect on the positive reaction to the Beijing Olympics, while there is no priming effect on the negative reaction to the Paralympics.The experiment III is a pencil and paper tests, 54 college students majoring the Physical Education were asked to judge the possibilities to obtain excellent achievement of the Chinese sports delegation in the coming Beijing Olympics.The results of the experiment III shows: there were stereotypes of the students to the Chinese sports delegation in the Olympics. The students have advantage stereotypes to the sports such as Table Tennis, Weight-lifting, Shooting, Gymnastics, Diving, Badminton, etc. While they have disadvantage stereotypes to the sports such as Boxing, Sailing, Swimming, Cycling, Track and Field, Football, etc.The experiment IV is a study by the event-related potentials(ERPs). The subjects were 20 college students. The aim of this experiment is to explore the stereotypes to the achievement of the Chinese sports delegation in the Olympics Games. The stimulations were 60 advantage sports and 60 disadvantage sports which were evaluated by the subjects in the experiment III. The target is Excellent Achievement or Poor Achievement, which were used as the evaluating words and appeared randomly. The reaction time and the EEG data were recorded.The results of the behavior data of the experiment IV shows: The reactions of the subjects were quickly to the advantage sports than to the disadvantage sports. According to the stereotypes trends, the subjects were divided in two groups, that is, stereotypes group and non-stereotypes group. The reactions to advantage and disadvantage sports of the stereotypes group were faster than those of the non-stereotypes group. Then the stereotypes situations were divided into two groups, that is, matching situation and mismatching situation. The results show that the stereotypes appeared in the matching situation, while they didn't appear in the mismatching situation.The results of the EEG data of the experiment IV shows: The P300 waves appeared in 300-500ms after the target words, and then the positive slow waves appeared in 500-800ms. Except on the P3, the wave P300 amplitudes of the stereotypes group were lower than those of the non-stereotypes group on the other electrodes. For the stereotypes group, the amplitudes under the matching condition were lower than the mismatching condition on all the electrodes except on the P7. In the matching condition, the wave amplitudes are different between the stereotypes and non-stereotypes groups in the middle scalp and right hemisphere. And for the stereotypes group, the wave amplitudes were different between the matching and mismatching conditions in the middle scalp and right hemisphere. The main conclusions:The research on the explicit attitudes shows that the attitudes toward Beijing Olympics are can be divided into several components. There are three main components for the attitudes to Beijing Olympics, including the Expectation Attitudes to the Beijing Olympics, the Feeling on the Crisis and the Motivation on the Concerns to the Beijing Olympics, etc. And there are five main components for the attitudes to Beijing Paralympics, including the Social Value of the Paralympics, the Sports Value of the Paralympics, the Acceptance to the Paralympics, the Humanistic Sprit, the Equality of the Paralympics, etc.Most of the college students concern the Beijing Olympics very much. Most of the students have positive attitudes to the Beijing Olympics, while some of the students still have Negative Attitudes and Feeling on the Crisis to the Beijing Olympics. There are some differences on the feeling of the crisis during the Olympics between the students from Beijing and Xi'an. The students from Beijing care much on the problems of the games, while the students from Xi'an care much on the problems of the citizens attending.The students from both cities know little about the Paralympics, most college students care much more on the Beijing Summer Olympics. The attitudes to the Paralympics of the students from Xi'an were positive than those from Beijing.Some of the college students have no exercise habit, the exercise times in a week and the hours once were not enough. Some of the students know little about the Games. All of these factors influence the attitudes to the Olympics.There are some correlation between the mental harmony and the attitudes to Beijing Olympics. The good adaptive and positive emotion can help raise the positive attitudes to the Beijing Olympics. The attending to the activities about the Olympics can help raise the positive and acceptance attitudes to the Paralympics.The Implicit Association Test can proof the implicit attitudes of the subjects to the Beijing Olympics are much positive than the implicit attitudes to the Paralympics. There are priming effects on the attitudes to the Beijing Olympics, while the attitudes to the Paralympics are more stable.There were stereotypes of the students to the Chinese sports delegation in the Olympics. The students have advantage stereotypes to the sports such as Table Tennis, Weight-lifting, Shooting, Gymnastics, Diving, Badminton, etc. While they have disadvantage stereotypes to the sports such as Boxing, Sailing, Swimming, Cycling, Track and Field, Football, etc.In the experiment, the students react to the disadvantage sports more quickly; the higher of the stereotypes to the Chinese sports delegation, the more quickly the reaction to the advantage or disadvantage sports; In the matching situation to the advantage sports, the reaction of the subjects are more quickly than the to the disadvantage sports.The EEG data supports the conclusion that the students have stereotypes on the advantage sports of the Chinese sports delegation; The wave P300 amplitudes of the stereotypes group are lower than the non-stereotypes group; For the stereotypes groups, the wave P300 amplitudes in the matching situation are lower than the mismatching situation; In this experiment, the level of the amplitudes reflects the psychological energy costing during the information processing.The results of the researches can help to publicize the ideas of Olympics, improve the mental harmony of the college students and other citizens, and also have the positive impact on the development of the harmonic society.
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