| Passing on and inheriting the culture is the funcation of education. Confronted the growing globalization, countries and nationalities are facing how to keep and pass their traditional culture. Schooling is originally the main inheritance fields of value, knowledge, skill and moral character etc. Effected by the facts of life, the practical knowledge and skill have been the choose of education, and all the teaching activities are being taken on center of tests and marks. This makes the traditional culture have no land in schooling except taken as decoration and the education also deviate from its own orbit. How to inherit our traditional culture by means of education to give full play to cultivation people? The paper puts forward the theoretical hypothesis: the Hua Yu is the main way to achieve the aim.Evidence is required to test this hypothesis and must be found from the representative cases of success inheritance on the traditional culture. The original meaning of filial duty is the moral norm of treating parents. It is originated from people's life and custom. After being ethicized by the Confucianism, it mingled with life and custom. Ancestor worship is the carrier of filial duty. In the traditional Chinese society and culture, filial duty, the core concept and the chief spirit of the Chinese culture, has the rooted effect and has grounded in the Chinese nation, assimilating into the Chinese people's character. Now the traditional filial duty has been nearly completely disappear after the May 4th Movement of 1919 and the Cultural Revolution. Also, the social basic of the filial duty has been shaked because of traditional farming culture's being deconstructed, the agricultual economic which centering of individual family being reduced to a lower position and the change of family pattern. These have made the passing on and inheriting the filial duty facing the risk. However, the Chinese tradition is not supposed to be cut off. Only in the way of absorbing the necessary elements of the tradition can a certain culture be developed and innovated. This requires our re-scanning on traditional culture to explore a way to pass on and inherit the filial duty. As inheritance and education are just like two sides of an object, the way of passing on and inheriting filial duty is just the way of education.Meanwhile, the Bai People in Xizhou Village of Dali, Yunnan Provice and the Le Mo People in Jinman Village of Nujing State are chosen for this case study, based on the following reasons: first, because of the unique natural and cultural enviroment, the Bai People which has inhabited there from generation to generation, is bound to set up an effective system of inheritance for its survival and development, and Xizhou is the representive village of the Bai People for its historical, cultural, political and economic situation. Second, for the Han People is one of the ethics which contact with the Bai People in a relatively early time, filial duty and ancestor worship have over one thousand year' s history in Xizhou and are well preserved. Third, because of the block communications and harsh natural enviroment, the Le Mo People,which is a branch of the Bai People, has the naive worship,and this is helpful to clear the train of thought on the Bai People absorbing the worship of Han ethic. The paper is going to verify the hypothesis by solving the following three problems: why are there ubiquitous ancestor worship and filial duty in Bai People in Dali? How is filial duty merged into the invisible daily life from the tangible ceremonies and activities of ancestor worship? What is the value of the Hua on education ?For solving the problems, the study will apply such methods as literature search for reviewing some relevant theory and facts of filial duty and ancestor worship, then field work for collecting data of their status quo, and employ structuralism and counter-structuralism for analyzing the funcation and meaning by comparing these two worship based on the theory of structural anthropology, last employ induction to reach the conclusions as follow,1. The ancestor worship of Le Mo People has the function of transformation. It bears all the elements of Confucius filial duty. Via the priest, in the way of worshiping the dead and having feast with the family members, the god's transformation between the dead and the ancestor is completed in the mixed space. The languages, actions, behaviors as well as all the rituals of the priest or other people who have close relationship with the dead are to promote the transformation, to make the ancestor be able to bless the alive in another world. The blessing comes from the loss made by the family members who passed away on the family and relatives from the perspective of emotion, economy and social force. It enables the alive to regain the courage to live on.2. The ancestor worship of the Bai People in Xizhou has presented not only the transformation between death and living but filial duty in the assimilated space. Loving the relatives, respecting the relatives, supporting the relatives and worshiping the relatives along with bringing honor to the ancestor and having a male heir to continue the family line are the main content of filial duty displayed by the ceremony. All the various forms of worshipping are the manifest of filial duty. Loving family is the source and motivation of the filial duty's development. The core of filial duty contains respecting the family, supporting the family and worshipping the family. The top class of filial duty is bringing honor to the ancestor while having a male heir to continue the family line is the safeguard. Hence, the aim of ancestor worship ceremony is to develop the children's filial duty in order to sustain the stability of the ties of blood and finally to continue the life.3. Filial duty exerts its effect on the individuals, the family and the society by means of Hua. Hua is a process of absorbing and assimilating. Changes in the state but not the essence are the results. By means of Hua, filial duty is assimilated into the ceremony of ancestor worship, enabling the ceremony to bear the function of filial education; by means of cultivation, the individual gains the filial concept and behavior; the blood ties will be sustained and the unity and identification of the family members will be strengthened in the way of converting filial duty into the love, the respectfulness, the support and the worship to parents and the activities of repairing the clan temple and continuing the family tree. Finally, filial duty coming into the different forms of reading, playing and writing scripture finishes the entire society's integration and sustains the social stability.4. It is because the Bai People group passes on the filial duty in the principle of Cheng that the filial duty still has an effect on the individual, the family and the society. Cheng is the evaluation and perseverance of the thing's originality. In accordance with Cheng, the Bai People group can distinguish the originality of filial duty and their own condition and then choose the goodness of filial duty to improve themselves. Hence, we should employ Cheng and Hua to pass on the filial duty. Filial duty will no longer be at the core state with the development of society. However, for it is rooted in family level, filial duty can still exert its function of ethicizing which is in urgent need of the family. According to the essence of filial duty and the reality, the explicit filial concept is ought to be passed on to the children and the real filial example should be set. In the meantime, the filial duty should be assimilated into the real life and be passed on unconsciously.Therefore, the hypothesis has been verified and brings it into existence. Based on Hua and Cheng, the Bai People has set a perfect cultural inheritance mechanism to effectively realize the education function of culture. Education should promote people's development by means of culture and Hua Yu should be an important way to achieve the aim. This will contribute to better inheriting and carrying on our traditional culture, smooth linking up with the tradition in the proceeding of modernization, a deeper understanding for the essence of education, promoting education to a further development.
|
PDF Full Text Request