On Educational Publicity And Its Guarantee

In contemporary society, with the all-round releasing of educational function and acceleration of democracy, the educational publicity embodies increasingly. To reveal the connation of the educational publicity, and to maintain and optimize the practice of the educational publicity, are not only the practical requirement of educational development and reform currently, but also the theoretical appeal for grasping utterly the essence of education.From a global perspective, the educational change and development are showing publicity, the new feature of era. The publicity implied in education neither be given by human nor be the results of subjective thinking, but emerges historically in the development of the human being's education. The exposition of the educational publicity is not only a kind of time change of educational features, but also a kind of new value appeal for the contemporary educational development.Since the mid-90's of the 20th century, the social transformation has made the social structure change deeply. With the development of market economy, providing educational service to the society through the market has become an important educational operation mechanism. Confronted with this new change, the present education system shows great incompatibility, and the issue of the educational publicity can not be avoided.The dissertation searches for causes of the present issues and seeks strategies on the basis of site research and case study through carding, analyzing, synthesizing and generalizing the achievement of existing study on the educational publicity at home and abroad, combining with the achievements of China and the western countries, for the actual situation. By researching the equality of enrollment opportunity, the equality of educational process, the equality of educational resources, the equality of facilities, and the equality of results in cultivating civics with basic quality and accessory roles, the dissertation is aimed at constructing a systematic, scientific and effective system of the educational publicity.This study puts forward that the public welfare, justice, equality are the central connation of the educational publicity. On the one hand, the educational publicity expresses the factual existence of education as affairs of public field, on the other hand, the educational publicity has become an extension of the public nature's concept. It is not only instruction and application of public nature in the field of education, but also reflection of education in specific area to the public nature. Therefore, the functions of the educational publicity are mainly reflected as follows: analyzing and evaluating education as an approch; establishing education system, constructing educational content and purpose, and choicing public principles of such eduational relations as education means and education forms; being the legal basis of educational legislation and policies; being the value and financial basis of government's providing educational public service; putting forward the legitimacy of education as public affairs and public property accepting the community involvement and the legitimacy of existing in the public space of society. Overall, the eduational publicity embodies the public welfare and justice of education from the perspective of legislation, finance and social environment, from such macro perspectives as institutional arrangements, policy design; aims to develop civics with public quality, and embodies the equality in the process of education, from such micro perspectives as educational purpose, content and form.The educational publicity assurance must be on the basis of a complete educational public service system. The innovation of public service system should be strengthened and the level of public service improved. It needs to further strengthen the government's functions and responsibilities, to explore the pluralism of supplying subjects and the diversification of supplying forms in educational public service, to improve the supervision and evaluation system of educational public service, to establish a diversified and intermediary-led system of educational supervision and evaluation. On the policy arrangement, educational equity should be regarded as the policy core in the equalization of educational public service, so as to promote the equalization of educational public services by the minimum equity model of educational public services: first, it's important to establish the minimum equity principle of educational basic public services, to make a minimum standard of providing, and to guarantee the local governments capable of providing such services through cost-sharing of multi-level governments. Secondly, such standards of public service as physical standard, financial standard, and service quality standard, can be used according to the industrial characteristics, but the most important thing is to ensure the service quality, and to promote it up to standard through performance evaluation. Thirdly, the equivalence principle should be advocated. The state should allow and encourage the local governments or consortia with financial capacity to provide more educational public service of higher-quality, and the funding should be financed by the governments which provide service. Thus, the proportion of the financial educational budget in GDP should be raised to ensure a balanced investment in compulsory education, especially to clarify the power and responsibility of all levels of governments so as to establish educational investment mechanism shared by all levels of governments; the reform of education structure should be deepened to guarantee the equalization of compulsory education from the perspective of system; the responsibility of governmental organs should be strengthened to build service-oriented government.The educational publicity must be based on the basic assurance system of public finance. The basic value of educational public service decides that providing educational service is a basic duty of government. Government as the main subject should take responsibility of educaitonal public finance. First, inter-governmental transformation payment system of compulsory education should be established according to the regional imbalance of financial capacity in reality. The establishment and development of such a mechanism should be the focus of the following fiscal reform of compulsory education. It needs to clarify the aims and different purposes of the central and provincial governments'resources for compulsory education. But the first priority should be given to ensure that the investment of compulsory education in poor and rural areas has adequate level. The central and provincial governments should provide assistance in these areas, so as to the development of education in these areas keeps up with the pace of socio-economic development. The central and provincial governments should also combine the funds allocation with strengthening local accountability, and improving efficiency of using resources. It needs to design rationally the categories of transformation payments, and to determine the methods of distributing the equal funding amount to each county/ school. A commonly used method is the allocation formula of factor method, taking integratedly the characteristics of student groups, local financial power, fiscal effort and other factors into consideration. The financial assistance of the poverty-stricken students and boarding students should be strengthened so that funding is truly implemented for these students. It needs to balance the consistency and diversity of the goals and methods in the allocation process of central and provincial educational resources. Secondly, guaranteeing the equal investment of educational public finance should be regarded as a basis of public finance administration, to improve the laws'provisions of educational investment guaranteeing. To establish mechanism of ensuring funding according to requirements, is an important step to solve the supplying shortage of educational funding. Unless be defined scientifically the fixed criteria of all levels of educational requirements in the present laws, can the contradiction between demand and supply of funding be solved fundamentally. Particularly, a fair and effective system and methods of educational financial assistance should be established from the most basic analysis of financial needs, by combining the system and pattern of funding with requirements of funding, determining the baseline amount of funding, considering the extra demand of the special areas and special population groups, and treating them fairly. Thirdly, the enhancement of flexibility should be regarded as a necessary complement of promoting balancedly public fiscal policy of compulsory education. It needs to implement the state financial"minimal assurance"policy of compulsory education, and to clarify the focus of the central government's financial support. The"minimal assurance"financing goals of compulsory education should include: the requirements of minimal assurance of maintaining the basic conditions for running school's teaching; the basic requirement of minimal assurance of completing national goal of compulsory education; conditions and requirements of minimal assurance of laying the foundation for sustainable development of compulsory education. In the long run, the school conditions of compulsory education should improve synchronizedly, the"minimal assurance"standard is also rising with the country's rising demand for compulsory education. The"minimal assurance"financing problem of compulsory education, is not the short-term"surprise act"of government, but"long-term mechanism"to achieve financial balancement of compulsory education.The educational publicity needs to further clarify the relations between three subjects: government, market and society. First, priority, balancement and efficiency should be regarded as the basic principles of government's allocating educational public resources, which refer to the principle of priority allocation, balanced allocation and efficient allocation of educational public resources. Secondly, the issues of the selecting schools and key schools should be confronted and solved. That is to say, the investment in education should be increased to address the shortage of educational funds; the legal norms should be strengthened to achieve a balanced development between the schools; and effective measures should be taken to reform and support weak schools. Thirdly, attention must be paid to the independent role of social non-profit organizations'maintaining educational equity in educational macro-management, and the public participation in educational decision-making, management and the process of educational activities.The promotion of educaional publicity's practice should attach importance to demonstrate the publicity of interaction between school education and community. Highlighting the publicity of community is a trend of the current social public affairs. School is the formal organization in the community, and should be one object of the management of social public affairs. Community residents must involve actively, organizedly and systematically, in school's educational programs, policy development, problem solving and assessments. It is in this participation, civics are capable of obtaining first-hand information of the school. They can ask questions, obtain information, express their views, put forward recommendations and their own views on controversial issues. They are important members in the process of decision-making, and able to urge the school to keep up with changes in society and promote educational change. It is recognized gradually that education is not only the responsibility of school, but also parents, community and society.