| China has one of the most natural disasters in the world, there are many natural disasters happened frequently, including floods, earthquakes, typhoons, landslides, biological hazards and avian flu, such as the flood broke out in Yangtze river in 1998, the "SARS"spreaded in 2003, the earthquake happened in Xinjiang Province in 2005, the freeze disaster appeared in the southern part of China in 2008. Although our government and related organizations have already issued preplan about disaster prevention and reduction, the expenditure of the logistics cost is huge. In the great casualties and property losses which are caused by sudden natural disasters, the losses caused by inefficient emergency logistics makes up the total loss of 15% to 20%.For example,"SARS" lost totaling 17.6 billion, including the lost of contingency logistics and distribution about 30 billion dollars.In recent years, sudden natural disaster relief issue has raised China's government's great attention. In 1998 after the Zhangbei earthquake the national Ministry of Civil Affairs (central level) increased the original pool of 8 to 10 now.After the 2008 "5.12" earthquake, the Joint Development and Reform Commission Ministry of Civil Affairs made a new program, from which the national pool of relief supplies added to 24 from 10. Currently, the smooth implementation of this plan is in the process. Meanwhile the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have established a pool of 31 provincial-level, disaster-prone cities and counties have also established their own repository, the quantity and quality of storage material has greatly improved.On January 10 in 2006, the government also issued a "national natural disaster relief emergency plan, "which played an important role in dealing with the southern cold snow and ice storms happening in 2008.Although great achievements on burst natrual disasters have been made, the questions of the longer logistics time and the more logistics cost in disaster relief are still not solved.Firstly, the paper defines some words, such as sudden natural disasters, emergency logistics according to the related concepts.Secondly, the paper begins to do the research from the following four aspects:"The research on the evaluation of the degree of unexpected natural disasters", "The research on the demand of relief goods and materials of unexpected natural disasters", "A network topology based on sudden natural disaster relief emergency logistics distribution"and "The model of vehicle routing for the distribution of emergency aid".Affected by sudden natural disasters in the evaluation of the degree level study.First discussed the research grade evaluation about the extent of domestic and foreign victims of sudden natural disasters, and further analyzed the features of the level evaluation system about the sudden natural disasters and disaster degree, problems and the principle of indicators'building. Second, established the level evaluation system about the sudden natural disasters and disaster degree, that is multi-dimensional and multi-level evaluation index system.Third, compared and choosed the method of the sudden natural disasters and disaster degree evaluation.Finally, used the selected evaluation methods to research the sudden natural disasters and disaster degree evaluation and prove it true, for example "Bilis" Typhoon.In the study of the demand for emergency supplies to sudden natural disasters. First, analysis the characteristics and the conception of the emergency supplies to sudden natural disasters; followed by the use of case-based reasoning method and BT neural network ways to predict the requirements of the emergency supplies to sudden natural disasters; finally, carry out an empirical study and proposed the source and demand balance mechanism to the regional emergency aid of sudden natural disasters.Against the problem of scheduling the vehicle transporting emergency relief materials during sudden natural disasters. And the study of network topology.First, this study analyzes the present situation about the distribution of emergency supplies at home and abroad including establishment of a model and the solution and algorithm about the model.And then create a network topology, on sudden natural disaster relief emergency logistics distribution.Concerning three types:only consider the road transport of the "last mile problem ", a region considers only within the road transport and a regional integrated transport using multi-modal ways.Laying the foundation on relief supplies for the Vehicle Routing optimization mode.In the study about the model of vehicle routing for the distribution of emergency aid.First, from two aspects about the description of the problem and the definition about model boundary conditions establish the emergency relief materials distribution vehicle routing optimization model.Second, this paper analyzes the characteristics and applicability of algorithm, genetic algorithms, for solving the mode.Finally, using the genetic algorithm to solve and empirical research the established distribution of emergency relief supplies for vehicle routing optimization model.
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