A Comparative Study Of Industrial Structure In "BRICs"

The rapid rise of the "BRIC"(China, Brazil, India, Russia)since 90's of the 20th century, a typical representative of emerging powers, had a profound and important influence to current world political and economic situation. The emerging power is becoming a major driving force and contributor in world economic growth. The academic research at home and abroad, about China, Russia, India, Brazil and other "emerging power", has become a hot topic."BRIC" have many similarities, are powers of population and resources, also big developing countries, but with different patterns of growth and development of the road towards economic recovery. Through the comparative analysis of formation mechanism, present status, influence on economic growth and the problems of the industrial structure in four countries, we can see the "BRIC" at different stages of the process of industrialization. India just entered the initial stage of industrialization. China began to enter the acceleration phase of mid-industrialization, while Brazil and Russia have developed to an advanced stage of industrialization."BRIC" industrial structure associated closely with the world economy growing. China used to be called "world factory", India is known as the "world office", Russia and Brazil are called "world stations" and "World raw material base", which to some extent by the industrial structure of the four countries under different comparative advantage. The four countries affected by Subprime crisis in different levels, reflecting the different anti-risk ability from different economic structure and industrial structure. Therefore, the in-depth study of "BRIC" industrial structure and change, learn from experiences and lessons, has important practical significance to provide the necessary reference for sustainable development of the Chinese economy.The basic idea of this study are:the theory of industrial structure from the start, analysis and comparison the formation mechanism of the industrial structure, three industry structure, impact on economic growth and the role of industrial structure, problems of four countries, find out the differences and put forward suggestions on industry structural adjustment and upgrade. The main research content and views are as follow:1. The theory interpretation:to sort out the evolution of industrial structure and classification theory on the industrial structure and economic growth mechanism. The related stage theory focuses on the evolution of industrial structure is the main theoretical basis for the industrial structure analysis of the "BRIC ".2. The formation mechanism of the four countries industrial structure:analyses the industrial structure factors of the four countries from the perspective of inside and outside. Internal aspects:the four countries with different natural conditions and natural resources to form their own comparative advantages, different economic policies and industrial policies also affected their respective industries. External aspects:the acceleration of economic globalization, particularly international transfer of production, brought opportunity to the four countries on industrial structure adjustment. The four countries selected, based on their respective comparative advantages, the different paths. For example, China's participation in the international manufacturing division lead to the enormous development of the industrial economy, by participating in the world's software outsourcing in India led the development of the service industry.3. The status of the internal structure of industries:Brazil and Russia services industry, more than the sum of other industries, is in the same order as the industrial structure of developed countries. China dominated by the secondary industry, service industry has shown a low but rising trend. India's economic structure has not developed in accordance with the "agricultural-industrial-services" mode of evolution, but form a services development by leaps and bounds in a "reverse industrialization" feature. The unbalanced sustainability of development remains to be verified. According to the current catch rate of the manufacturing sector in India, the future should be continued along the track of industrial development.About the internal structure of each industry, there is regional difference in the agriculture of four countries. Brazilian agriculture constitutes more developed farming and animal husbandry, animal husbandry volatile in Russia. In China, mainly in farming, the share of animal husbandry and aqua products in total agricultural is significantly increased. BRICs have their own advantages in agricultural products. The internal structure of the industry in Brazil, more balanced light and heavy industries, driven by mineral resources, promote metallurgy aviation and manufacturing industry, machinery and electronic equipment manufacturing capacity already have a solid foundation. Russia formed an energy-based economic growth model. India, while in the traditional industrial development, speed up the development of pharmaceutical and information industries and already has some of the industrial competitiveness. China, as a "world factory", has abundant cheap labor and a large number of foreign investments, the development of processing industry lead to economic prosperity. In internal structure in the service sector, the four countries at present are still dominated by traditional consumer services.4. Influence on Economic Growthof the four co untries Industrial Structure: There is a certain gap between four countries industrial structure from the role and the contribution to economic growth. The agriculture proportion is the lowest, but as an important base in four countries economic structure, especially in India and China, agriculture is still occupied important position. Meanwhile Industry in the four countries is in a dominant position. In Brazil and Russia, industrial output share in GDP has been higher than agriculture but less than the service sector in 20years. The slow development of Indian industry has been less than agriculture until the new century. Industry in China, has occupied the first position, is even the highest in the four countries on the role and contribution in boosting the economy. With the services industry increase in the proportion of GDP output in recent years, the industry has declined, but still higher than the service sector and agriculture in China. Service in Brazil and the Russian economy is in the absolute dominance. Service in India developed rapidly in recent years, especially driven by the emerging software outsourcing, promoted the upgrading of industrial structure in India. But China's service industry is relatively backward. The contribution to economic growth was significantly lower than the other three countries.Different industry structure and economic growth in the four countries have made different results. Relatively balanced pattern of growth in the Brazilian economy is relatively stable. Energy-driven economy has brought wealth to Russia, also brought structural imbalance and uncertainty. Service-pulling mode in India, due to lack of industry support, the staying power of economic growth needed to make up by the development of the manufacturing sector. China's manufacture-leading model, which greatly promoted economic growth, also provided the necessary physical infrastructure for the services upgrading and development.5. from the view of problems of industrial structure and adjustment:BRICs, based on different comparative advantages, chose different path of economic growth. In the industrial structure, whether it is a proportional relationship between the three industries, or the internal structure of three industries, here are also many similarities and differences between the four countries. The unreasonable industrial structure, especially in India and China, needs to be further rationalized and restructure.Complementary industrial structure in four countries is favorable to carry out complementary trade and economic cooperation. The four countries economic models need adjustment. The continuous weakening of comparative advantages should be made up by increasing the competitive advantage. Industrial restructure in BRICs have to consider not only national conditions but also conducive to sustainable development. Meanwhile, not as low as possible, the agriculture's share of industry in national economy is limited, should be established to meet the state in ensuring the basic needs of agriculture and increasing the total national economy. The role of agriculture in the economy can not be replaced. Without good basis of the manufacturing sector, the process of industrialization can not be achieved, for the manufacturing industry is the only way of industrialization. Trying to circumvent manufacturing and industry, with a directly development of service industry, is not conducive to long-term economic development.This paper is not restricted to a particular model, using qualitative and quantitative analysis, chart analysis and summarizes, the combination of historical and reality, combination of vertical and horizontal comparison study, to a certain time span and a certain geographical space, from the multi-level comparative analysis. Innovations include the following:a multidimensional analysis framework to study the formation of industrial structure, state, impact, problems and adjustments, the more latitude comparison and analysis the industrial structure balance and different roles and problems between the four countries, and make recommendations; By calculation of pulling rate, contribution rate and growth rates, to identify different role of industries in the four countries economic growth:calculated the deviation between industrial structure and employment structure of the four countries, concluded that there are different levels of disconnect in the four countries industrial structure, China and India obviously.