| China's agriculture ushered in the accelerated transition period from "industry promotes agriculture", "urban area elevates rural area" to "urban and rural overall development". The driving force of agricultural development has gradually changed from policy innovation and increased labor force to science and technology innovation and optimal allocation of agricultural S&T resources. Agricultural S&T resources allocation is an important factor in promoting the adjustment of agricultural structure, enhancing the agricultural competitiveness, realizing the change of agricultural development model and sustainable development. Because the agricultural S&T resources in China have existing stock, finite increment and some waste, the basic goals of agricultural S&T resources allocation are to increase utilization of resources by optimize the allocation, and make more contributions to our economy. How to co-ordinate agricultural S&T resources, improve allocation efficiency and utilization efficiency of agricultural S&T resources is urgent problem to be solved.In this paper, the guideline is that agricultural science and technology support agricultural economic development, and the main line is to measure the allocation efficiency of agricultural S&T resources. By using the theory of systems science, western economics, property rights economics, we estimates the inner relationship between agricultural S&T resources and agricultural economic growth, calculate the allocation efficiency of S&T resources in China's agricultural research institutions and agricultural colleges, We estimated the allocation efficiency of agricultural technology resources of eight agro-ecological zone and its influencing factors. Finally, we put forward countermeasures to enhance allocation efficiency of agricultural S&T resources in combination with the research results in this paper and the experience of the developed countries. The conclusions are as follows:Firstly, system theory, property rights theory and complex adaptive system theory are important theoretical tools to analyze the problem of allocation efficiency of agricultural S&T resources. The allocation of agricultural S&T resources is a complex adaptive system with the complexity of itself and the complexity of the process of the optimal allocation; therefore, it should be analyzed by system theory, building the supporting system of agricultural S&T resources sharing and sharing platform. Meanwhile, one of the most serious challenges of China's agriculture is how to distribute the property fairly and effectively. Therefore, it is important to define, disintegrate and optimize the property rights of agricultural S&T resources.Secondly, according to the statistical data in China from 1990 to 2008, we used co-integration analysis and Granger causality test explored the correlation between agricultural S&T resources and economic development of agriculture. Empirical analysis shows that:there is a co-integration relationship, i.e. a long-term stable equilibrium with little short-term deviation, between agricultural S&T resources and economic development of agriculture. When the deviation from equilibrium occurs, the adjustment to the equilibrium is 59.8%. There is a one-way Granger causality, from the expenditures of S&T activities in agricultural research and development agency and agricultural technicians to economic development of agriculture, while there's no empirical evidence on the inverse relationship. However, there is a significant two-way Granger causality between the total power of agricultural machinery and agricultural economic development.Thirdly, the allocation efficiency of S&T resources in China's agricultural research institutions is relatively low, but the difference is significant among the agricultural research institutions. First of all, we construct index system to estimate the allocation efficiency of S&T resources, estimate the allocation efficiency of agricultural research institutions in 2009:the noneffective is 60%; scale inefficiency is a major aspect of technical efficiency. At the same time, using 1996-2009 panel data on the use of Malmquist index of agricultural research institutions and the decomposition of total factor productivity index is calculated on the following conclusions:From a national perspective, there is a growing trend with an average annual growth rate to 0.8%, the technical efficiency of ascension is supporting regional research institutions total factor productivity improvement, while the contribution rate of technological progress is relatively small, technical efficiency and technological progress, the average growth rate was 0.5% and 0.3%;The total factor productivity overall chat showed a rising trend, with an average increase of 5.3%, increase the rate of technological progress is the total factor productivity growth in most industries the main reason for the relatively small role of technical efficiency; from sub-units of research institutes under the total factor productivity change is not;sub-regional average, total factor productivity to enhance the range of 1.4%, which played a leading role in technical efficiency, while the weak contribution rate of technological progress; most of the efficiency of scientific research institutions in the hovering-type or low growth based on M value of the point of view. Fourthly, the allocation efficiency of science and technology institutions variy greatly among Universities or College,, but allocation efficiency of the agricultural and forestry universities is increasing. The overall operating efficiency of Universities in China declined in 1995-2008; the total factor productivity fell by an average 1.8 percentage points, total factor productivity decline is mainly due to the rate of technological progress declined. From 1993 to 2008, total factor productivity in agriculture and forestry universities fell by an average 1.7 percentage points, resulting in total factor productivity decline is mainly due to a significant reduction of the technological progress rate, and in this period, the average technical efficiency increased by 0.6 percentage points, indicating that agricultural and forestry universities has improved the efficiency of resource allocation.such as China Agricultural University and Nanjing Agricultural University. Scale efficiency value of agriculture and forestry universities is relatively high.Fifthly, the paper estimates the technical efficiency of agricultural S&T resources and analyzes the factors based on the stochastic frontier analysis in China from 1996 to 2008. It turns out that there are varying degrees of loss in the technical efficiency of agricultural S&T resources and the average technical efficiency is only 0.61. South China, Central China, South-east, the average technical efficiency is higher than North China, Northeast China, Southwest and Northwest regions from the point of Agro-ecological zoning view. The level of agricultural mechanization and per capital net income of rural households has a significant positive impact on technical efficiency of agricultural S&T resources, however, cultural and educational development in rural areas and the degree of farmers living information has a significant negative impact.The innovation points of the dissertation are as follows:Firstly, we construct a framework analysis of allocation efficiency of agricultural S&T resources. Previous studies have largely focused on the distribution of agricultural S&T resources, status and problems. However, this paper discussed agricultural S&T resources allocation in perspective of the system theory, the property rights theory and CAS theory. What's more, we estimate the allocation effiency focus on the perspective of agro-ecological zoning, to avoid the traditional defects from eastern, central and western. At the same time, we estimate the allocation effiency of agricultural S&T resources in agricultural research institutions and agricultural universities.The second innovative point lies in the empirical. The dissertation extends the scope of application of empirical methods. The allocation of resources in the state of agricultural technology on the basis of comprehensive analysis will be applied in modern econometrics methods of agricultural S&T resources and agricultural economic development; this paper estimates allocation efficiency of S&T resources in China agricultural research institutions and agricultural colleges and universities by using the data envelopment analysis (DEA), stochastic frontier analysis method (SFA), and it makes up for the lack of qualitative research in the study of agricultural S&T resources.Thirdly, the dissertation achieves a series of valuable conclusions. The data which adopted in the empirical research is complete with time-series data and panel data, which fully reflect the information in agricultural research institutions, agricultural colleges run science and technology capacity, to measure the efficiency of agricultural S&T resources dynamic changes, it enhanced the reliability of conclusions Through theoretical and empirical analysis concluded that "the system of agricultural S&T resources is a complex adaptive system; there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between agriculture S&T resources and agricultural economic development; the allocation efficiency of agricultural research institutions technology resource is relative low; The institutions of higher technology resource allocation efficiency existence decline in 1995-2008, there are great difference among various types of colleges and universities, the agricultural and forestry university's allocation efficiency in a gradual increase state; there exists different degree of loss in China's agricultural S&T resources allocation efficiency ", according to the results of analysis, puts forward several valuable policy suggestions, which has important theoretical and practical value to improve allocation efficiency of agricultural S&T resources.
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