A Study On Agricultural Protect And Support Policy Of U.S. Based On Market Failure

As a developing agricultural country, listing the economic development of China's 60 years history, every significant change in the economic Situation of almost originated in agriculture,and the success of each of the adjustments are also able to improve the situation on agricultural development as a precondition, it can be said that agriculture growth and decline is directly related to the development direction of China's economy. So from 1982 to 2011, the Central A Document focused on agriculture,rural areas and farmers for 13 times, increasing emphasis on support to agriculture, which confirms agriculture the importance of China's economic and social development from a side. 2010, China's agriculture, forestry and water supply expenditure amounted to 812.9 billion Yuan, increased support for agricultural protect, and agricultural support should once again become the foundation of preventing the financial crisis'spread, controlling inflation, protecting the long-term stable development of the economy, but also provide a realistic background for this topics studies.Because agriculture have characteristics of basic for economy, weak,multifunc- tional and so on to other industries, today's world almost without exception, implem- ent protect policy for their agricultural industry, the government through the various ways to support the development of its agriculture. Although since the 1990s, countries in order to adapt to the liberalization trend of agricultural trade , their agricultural protect policies had adjusted or changed. But, from the specific content of the reform on look, which means more adjustment on supporting style, the supporting policy is strength and not abate, especially in the United States. In 2002, U.S. farm bill increased agricultural subsidies amount to $ 190 billion in 10 years ,in 2008 U.S. farm bill not only continued conservation trend of 2002, but further expanded the scope of protect, and increased efforts. With the strong agricultural support measures, the United States becomes the world's most developed countries in agricu- lture, they are the world's largest corn and soybean producer, exporter, and also are the largest wheat and cotton exporter on earth. Therefore, to explore United States which known for its free market economy, how to choose agricultural protect and support policy tools, to resolve the agriculture market failure, improve agricultural economic efficiency, and for our country ,to prefect agricultural support policies in the WTO framework, improve our agriculture's competition in international market, learn ways to increase farmers' income, and so on ,it all becomes the original intention and significance of this topics.The idea is based on the premise of market failure, after the analysis of reality market failure areas in U.S. agricultural externalities, public goods, imperfect information, unequal distribution of income equal, study how did the U.S. government support different policy system to correct their market failures, evaluate the effects of policies to summarize the lessons learned, and then get inspiration which comes from the study of United States and is useful to perfect China's policy of improving agricultural protect and support system.This paper has six part on logical mind or nine chapters in structure.The first part include the first chapter named introduction, it is the overview of background, significance, literature review and thesis ideas, structure, research methods ,the innovation of the paper point and the deficiencies.The second part is the second chapter named general analysis and related theory, this part is mainly to the writing of the important concepts involved, theoretical support in this paper. Including the market failure of the related concept, external, public products, incomplete information, income distribution unfair related theory, the agricultural protect and support the concepts and relevant theory.The third part is the Chapter 3, historical evolution of agricultural protect and support policy in United States, in accordance with the historical context of agricultural protect and support comb the policy development stage in United States, according to the support goals the stage is divided into four main phases include the basic conditions for agricultural production supporting, improving farmer incomes, agricultural market oriented reforms and the return of farmers'income to support , respectively, discussed the background, adjustment content and characteristics of the evolution of its policies.The four part include chapter 4 to 7, which is the core content of this paper. The main content include the policy system and its effect on different market failure in United States.Chapter 4 is externality of American agriculture and agricultural protect and support policy, which analysis of the American agriculture positive externality and negative externalities, elaborate the positive and negative externality internalization of agriculture in detail for U.S. government to use resources and environmental protect and support policy system, and evaluate the effect of the internalization. Chapter 5 is agricultural public goods and the United States policy of agricultural protect and support, firstly define them eaning of agricultural public goods and caliber of this research, then analyze U.S. agricultural infrastructure, agricultural education, research and promotion of public goods supply model and the status quo; Finally, discuss and evaluate the United States supports policy in detail, which include public goods, fiscal, financial policy, technical assistance and other policy tools.Chapter6 is agriculture incomplete information and the United States policy of agricultural protect and support, from an economic point of view , analyze the incomplete information in agriculture, and discuss the information collection, analysis, publishing systems, networking, database development , investment in information infrastructure such as policy content and so on in U.S. agricultural information support system, after that analyze the characteristics of support, evaluati- on of information technology in agriculture, reduce risk, precision agriculture and other aspects of support effects.Chapter 7 is the U.S. agricultural protect and support policy based on the of Equitable distribution of social. Firstly through the data comparative analysis the U.S. agriculture's unfair income distribution, and then focus on the United States to increase farm income of farm and commodity programs, agricultural insurance schemes, agricultural tax, agricultural export markets to support the policy system, and evaluate its effect from the absolute size of income in agriculture, farm household income, internal revenue of agricultural producers.Chapter 8 is the part 5, the inspiration of United States protect and support policy in agricultural, this part summed up the experience and lessons learned from U.S., proposed the inspiration to us in aspects of focusing on market failures, guiding the direction of agricultural development and the legalization.Chapter 9 is the part 6,the conclusion, we summarize the research, and put forward and outlook of this study.