The Study For Diversified Agriculatural Extension Organization Coordination Operation Mechanism

The study focuses on that, among China's diversified agricultural extension organizations, the working division is not clear, the collaborative operation is in disorder, the coordination of interests is indistinctive, and that it is difficult to make complementary advantages and an overall efficiency. This study, based on the theory of agricultural extension frames, of household behavior generation and change, of the development of self-organization, and the supercycle theory, learns from the successful experiences of organization and coordination of agricultural technology extension from abroad. We choose the pear industry technology of Hebei province for the study carrier. Through the investigation and analysis on the operation situation of the diversified agricultural extension system, the applications of standard cultivation techniques in main pears producion areas, the will of supply and demand of pear producion techniques, we make clear the responsibility and the role of extension organizations'functional space in pear industry technology extension. Through the analysis hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods, we evaluate the effects of service of diversified agricultural extension system based on the perspective of farmers, in order to find and correct the problems in the promotion from the results of evaluation. Through the supercycle theory to build the dynamic mechanism from the "government supply alone" to "multi-subject co-supply", we provide reference for the government and the relevant decision-making orgnizations about building the collaborative governance mechanisms of farmers'reasonable demand-oriented, market-based, government-led, multi-body interaction. And through the operation of the mechanisms, we want to make each extension organization efficient and orderly and to run concurrently, thereby increase the adoption rate of agricultural technology extension and make farmers increase their income steadily and make agriculture and rural areas develop sustainably. The main conclusions are as follows:1. In view of the present situation that the functions of the agricultural technology extension organizations in our country are not clear, the management system is not smooth, the multivariate investment mechanism is not perfect, and the power of the government-led extension service system is insufficient, we draw lessons from foreign agricultural extension organizations'coordination modes of successful experiences and put forward our country's agricultural popularizing modes of optimizing gradually into the integrated development models of a plurality of public welfare combined with the markets: One is diversification of the extension organizations; two is whole process of the extension contents; three is socialization of the extension behavior; four is diversification of the methods of extension; five is the development of agricultural extension should be from"technology-based"to"people-oriented".2. The construction of the diversified agricultural extension system of Hebei province is perfected continuously. It mainly displays that the functions of the public agricultural extension service are improved gradually; the agricultural universities and research institutes have improved their service; the driving abilities of the agricultural leading enterprise services are increasingly strengthened; the self-service abilities of the organizations of farmers'collaboration economy become more and more powerful. Diversified agricultural extension organizations in pear industry development have formed three major supporting systems, which are government policy support and capital investment systems; the technical research, development and training systems of agricultural universities and research institutes; and leading enterprises driving systems. But on the whole, in the construction of diversified agricultural extension systems of Hebei province, overall planning and coordination guidance are lagging; promotion organizations have not yet formed close operation mechanism.3. This study bases on the entry point of the analysis on the farmers'will of supply and demand of pear techniques in Hebei province. According to the 597 pear households'investigation data of the central and southern regions of Hebei province, and the selected nine technologies based on the actual situation of the sample areas, we conclude that production goods is the most needed type of technology for the households at present, the four technologies of technology information, new breeds, integrated pest management, and fertilization technologies are strongly demanded, the sorts of households in different regions have different demands of technology. Viewing from the will of overall technology supply, the government agricultural extension organizations and leading enterprises play a vital role in the 9 kinds of technology extension in the sample areas, it becomes the main subject of the households'technology extension. The universities, research institutes and cooperation organizations play only an auxiliary role. Viewing from the will of region technology supply, government agricultural extension organizations, leading enterprises, universities and research institutes, cooperation organizations are all involved, but these organizations have different effect intensity in different areas. The government agricultural extension organizations are still the first choice of technical service organizations for the farmers of Xinji and Zhaoxian areas. Leading enterprises in Botou become the most trusted technology extension organizations."Other"and demonstration households play a promotion role of larger in Weixian region.4. Through the analysis of the households access to technology by the impact of different organizations, we can conclude that the households' adoption of new technology and decision-making basically depend on the relatives, friends, neighbors and the government extension organizations, the first choice of technical service organizations from which the households accept technology lectures or trainings is the government extension organizations, the second is universities and research institutions; There are some tally between the technology that the extension workers have extended and the demand of the farmers, but there are also some contradictions. There is a certain gap between the extension methods of the extension workers and the preferences of the households. Universities, research institutions, leading enterprises and cooperation organizations all have participated in the pear technology extension service, but the extension areas and the radiation areas are small. For the first time we use the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods based on the households'perspective to evaluate the effects of the service of the diversified agricultural extension system. The result of evaluation is that the households who performe excellent in promotion organization service are 7.3%, the good households are 25.1%, the general households are 34.6%, which shows that the promotion organizations'performance is in general level from the evaluation of the households. Based on the result of evaluation, this study puts forward the suggestions that the agriculture technology extension mechanism which is oriented to the needs of the farmers should be built.5. Based on the present effects of the situation of the diversified agricultural extension organizations in pear industry technology extension, the technology demand and the will of supply of the pear households, and the service evaluation of the households on the extension organizations, combined with our country's condition, we construct, for the first time, a coordination mechanism of diversified agricultural extension organization based on the supercycle theory. Within the system, all organizations will communicate and cooperate effectively, which can greatly increase the whole efficiency of agricultural promotion and embody the superiority of super circulation system. In practical work, the organizations should remove the barriers in the main supercycle operation and promote the cooperation among the subjects.6. This study takes Agricultural University of Hebei and Botou Oriental Fruit Co. as typical case and puts forward the co-operation mode of the diversified agricultural extension organizations. The new type of agricultural extension service system that has been established by Agriculture University of Hebei, which combines with the extension departments of government, cooperation organizations, leading enterprises, and participation of multi-agents. It has achieved the diversification of extension teams, the socialization of extension behavior, the diversification of the forms of extension, and the combination of the government support with self-development. Botou Oriental Fruit Co. has established the technology extension cooperation mode of"experts + company + cooperatives + households". On one hand, it can optimize and improve our existing agricultural extension system and raise the conversion rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. On the other hand, it can attract the cooperation of all parties to promote actively and help increase the business benefits of the linking farmers. The operation of the diversified agricultural extension organizations'cooperation mode needs to build the mechanisms of government policy support and investment protection, and the mechanisms of interests-linking and risk-sharing among the diversified agricultural extension organizations.