A Study On The ICT Innovation Networks In Canada

Part of the body of this paper are summarized as follows:Chapter 1 IntroductionThe background of this paper studies and the significance of topics. Relevant research in China and abroad. The way of thinking, the methods of research and the expected innovation on the Dissertation.Chapter 2 Overview CanadaThroughout the entire history of Canada, the process can be seen as the European economy and the extension of politics in North America. While Canada as a sovereign state for years, but its political, economic, religious, cultural, and educational system is still showing the remnants of the old colonial relationship.Canada's cultural history can be divided into three stages:assimilation, melting pot and multiculturalism. Multiculturalism refers to the same geographical area in a variety of cultural phenomena harmony, forming interdependent and mutually inclusive situation.Canada and the United States is close to the two countries to implement the common defense in the military, is the only undefended border the two countries. Canada-US bilateral economic interdependence is asymmetrical. However, the issue of cultural sovereignty, has been a dispute between Canada and the U.S., "cultural exception" is the penetration of American culture in Canada one of the ways to resist.Canadian research has three major components, namely the federal government, universities and enterprises. Establishing and improving the innovation system is the most significant features of federal strategy in science and technology development. Strengthening cooperation between public sector and private sector in scientific research and business partnerships, and promoting scientific research and innovation system is one of the tackles.Chapter3 the evolution and characteristics of theICT innovation networks in CanadaAn ICT innovative network is a liaison which comprised by innovative objects. Operation as an organization of network, it performs research, development and industrial activities. The advantages of both clusters and networks are showed. In Canada, the development of ICT industry are not synchronized in different regions. the cause of the formation of different clusters, each node in the network of ICT innovation in different stages of maturity of the role varies, the network with different levels of integration and cohesion. But the same general trend, have experienced a similar web-building process. Its evolution can be summarized as embryonic development, formation and maturation updated four stages. Canadian ICT innovation networks in the innovation performance of the common cooperation between the actors than frequent, strong innovation capabilities; the company a strong relationship between the flexibility, showing a flexible partnership. The relationship between regional cooperation networks are different forms, different forms of innovation, each node at different times of the different focus. Overall, It takes the characteristics of ICT innovative networks in Canada:open, dynamic, rooted, interactive and complementary resources, and so on.Chapter 4 the spatial distribution of the ICT innovation networks in CanadaCanadian ICT Innovation Networks concentrated on the more economically developed southern regions, the spatial distribution of the concentration phenomenon is very obvious. From the perspective of regional economic development trend, the Toronto Region circles, scientific and technological circles Ottawa, Montreal Economic Circle, Waterloo Technology Triangle and other places are more economically developed, more substantial, better regulations and policies related to international higher degree of core area, is entrenched in the ICT cluster the points area.Ontario and Quebec provinces, Canada's ICT innovation networks are high-density areas. New Brunswick, the United States, Europe in the Canadian ICT Innovation Networks of medium density area. Cape Breton in Nova Scotia, the western prairie provinces, districts and the vast majority of the Northwest Arctic, due to sparsely populated, ICT innovation networks is relatively sparse, are low-density area.Chapter 5 the value chain of the ICT innovation networks in CanadaICT Enterprise value chain can be divided into six main phases:research, development, procurement, manufacturing, sales and after sales service. Each stage contains a series of specialized areas, which form a complete value chain, value chain participants in each of which may occupy the entire value chain, may also be specialized in only one value chain link or a certain stage of functional activity. Canadian ICT industry value chain and its various business activities showed the best combination of location advantages. Through the best combination and integration of organic, the ability to form the core of resource distribution, and further build unique advantages, ultimately to form the core of sustainable competitiveness. Canadian ICT Innovation Networks are the parallel of industrial clusters and global value chains.Chapter 6 the knowledge flow of the ICT innovation networks in CanadaFive flows of the different sources of knowledge are regarded in ICT innovation networks in Canada. They are:codified knowledge; tacit knowledge found in foreign direct investment; tacit knowledge of migrants; innovations and commodities. The triangle of government, universities and industrial research constitute a important knowledge flow in the Canadian ICT innovation networks.Government laboratories in the ICT talent base in the early mining activities play an important role. University through a variety of roles in the region and the impact of ICT innovation networks:R & D transfer, technical supply, international prestige and informal "knowledge network." Anchor ICT companies to invest heavily in their own internal research and development. Knowledge-sharing partners, and other areas with frequent informal interaction within the enterprise to carry out. It is argued that the co-existence of local buzz and global pipeline has affection to the knowledge flowing in the ICT innovation networks. It can be proved by analysing "buzz-pipeline" model.Chapter7 two case studies on the ICT innovation networks in CanadaSince World War II, Canada's elite to mass higher education to achieve change, designed to provide the most post-secondary education opportunities, especially those who want to expand opportunities for higher education lower in order to promote social equity. University of Waterloo in the context of this set up.University of Waterloo Waterloo played innovation networks cluster unit, R & D and technology transfer tools, high-tech talent provider, such as multiple roles. The CO-OP project, strengthening the close ties with local businesses. Feedback make teaching will never keep up with technology needs, industry support programs in order to obtain technology to enhance classroom knowledge, but also changed the industry's technological frontier. Nortel Networks is one of the largest ICT companies in Canada, as a leader in the global ICT industry, Nortel was the biggest innovators. Adverse external environment makes Nortel and its main competitors has been hit hard. In addition to the official rescue poor, there are shortages of the local venture capital. ICT innovation is not just related to technical issues, there are specific application problems. When some of the strong R & D equipment, the company completed the innovation from the laboratory to the whole process of entering the market, while Nortel will still focus on technology rather than market demand.Nortel's collapse is the result of many factors. The global economic downturn push the plight of Nortel, the management decision-making errors so that missed market opportunities, corporate culture is too strong for Nortel to change. The lack of financial supervision, the crackdown on white-collar crime is not enough and so many other factors combined, Nortel has become an inevitable trend of the collapse.Chapter7 The policy implications for China's development from the ICT innovation Networks in CanadaFrom Canada's ICT industry development path, and the role being played by refining as we can learn from. The construction of the regional environment for innovation is the supported platforms for R&D activities. The development of regional innovation networks, which makes full use of global resources, is one of the tackles to enhance the independent innovation capability of China. Balanced development of innovation networks is an important tool for eliminating information asymmetry and maintaining social stability. The paper points out that the Tibet disputes, riots largely caused by of the unbalanced regional development and the poor flow of information.At the present stage, the humanities factors are increasingly restricting the healthy development of higher education in China. The introduction of market mechanisms have a serious educational equity. Introduction of CO-OP education programs, appropriate remuneration for work to low-income children of the family's tuition and some living expenses issues. Secondly, to carry out CO-OP education program, students will work at any time the issue back to the school semester, the education programs can be adjusted as appropriate, to resolve the Contradiction between supply and demand. In addition, the face of the pace of development by leaps and bounds and enrollment has increased significantly, many college classrooms, libraries face the overcrowding situation. The introduction of Waterloo-based CO-OP mode, the students go out to work, classrooms, libraries, dormitories empty out, you can participate in CO-OP program for the academic semester in school students, so the rotation up, resources available and reasonable use.Ideal environment for innovation dependents upon the existence of innovation networks which is supported by government. All activities will be included within the innovation network, only in this way the national innovation system can be made to play a greater role. The lack of financial intermediary institutions is an important factor for constructing the innovation environment in China. Having good social capital is one of the method to build a solid foundation for the innovation environment.