Research On The Rural Minimum Living Security System

The stable and sustainable development in rural areas is related to the construction of harmonious society and the goals of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round. Since the establishment of P. R. China, especially the thirty years after the reforms and opening-up, significant changes have occurred in the rural area, but at the same time the poverty of rural areas has been a problem for a long time. In order to solve the problem of rural poverty, our government inputs a lot of human and material resources and carries out various forms of poverty alleviation, but in recent years the effect of poverty reduction is getting worse and worse. The reason is that now the part of the main causes of poverty is difficult to be solved totally, such as low working ability caused by disability or serious illness, the high dependency ratio caused by the reduction family labor and so on. This shows that the traditional developmental rural poverty reduction policies which solve the problem of absolute poverty in rural areas are already a duplication of efforts, and we need a new institutional arrangement to solve the problem of poverty in rural remainder.Social security system is the stabilizer of economic and social development. As an important part of the social security system, the rural minimum living security system is the realistic choice of solving the problem of the rural remaining poverty, which is because the rural minimum living security system is institutionally normative and accuracy and can form the long-term mechanism to solve people's living problem. At the same time, our country has already had the financial resources and capacity to set up a national rural minimum living security system to solve the shortage of food and clothing in rural areas totally.The exploration of building rural minimum living security system began in Zuoyun Town in Shanxi Province,1992. Due to the affection of the traditional rural welfare thought style and lack of financial investment from the central and local governments, the construction of rural minimum living security system met some stagnation and retrogression in certain period. Since 2007, China began to establish a nationwide minimum living security system in rural areas and the project has been improved and perfected continually so far and it has played an important role in protecting farmers'interest and easing social conflicts and maintaining the social stability. At the same time, there are also some shortcomings and problems, so the study tries to focus on the evaluation and improvement of the rural minimum living standard security system and to develop a deeper exploration under such complex background.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the rural minimum living security system in Jiangsu Province, find out the problems of the system and propose the suggestions and countermeasures for further improvement. The theoretical significance of this study is to discuss the management and operation methods on the rural minimum livelihood security system, especially the position and development of the rural minimum living standard security system in regarding of the constraints of our present situations, as well as to enrich the theory of China's social security and development in countryside. Meanwhile, the study takes Jiangsu Province as a sample to analyze the rural minimum living security system, identify problems and make recommendations accordingly for the rural minimum living security system of Jiangsu Province.The main innovation of the thesis is to develop the foundation and methods of a workable rural minimum living security line on the basis of the expanding linear expenditure model, to make the scientific methods of calculating per capita subsidy on the basis of minimal needs-based funding requirements model, combining with the rural minimum living security line which is worked out to help expanding linear expenditure model. Meanwhile, the study also discusses the rationality of the urban-rural differences in the places where carries out the system in Jiangsu Province and then puts forward preliminary conclusions.Based on existing research, the article expands the statement gradually. First, the article analyzes the development process, current situation and problems of the rural minimum living security system, which points out that due to the difficulties in defining the income of rural residents and the lack of local financial resources, the rural minimum living security system did not cover all the people who should be in. In the rural minimum living security system funding side, the ways of funding are relatively simple and mainly rely on governmental financial input which resulted in a number of underdeveloped areas having difficulties in ensuring adequate supply of subsistence allowances only relying on the local governmental financial resources. To some extent, this reduces the effects of rural minimum living security system. In the security standards side, the standards of treatment of the rural minimum living security system are so low, the formulation of the security lines is certainly arbitrariness, and the differences in security standards of different regions are that great. In the administration system side, there is a lack of legal protection for the rural minimum living security system, grass-roots staff and management information, and all these problems reduce management efficiency of the rural minimum living security system.The article analyzes the operational and security level of the rural minimum living security system in Jiangsu Province. It is because that willingness and strength of the government resources put into is an important factor and the policies made by the government can reflect the tendency of government resources put in. So, in this part, the article first analyzes the related policies about Jiangsu Province subsistence policies based on the perspective of the comparison of urban and rural areas, and finds that the construction of the rural minimum living security system goes far more behind urban areas. Next, the article introduces the operation mechanism of the rural minimum living security system in Jiangsu Province and analyses the differences of annual minimum living standard in urban and rural areas and in different regions of the Jiangsu Province which points out that the rural minimum living standards and per making up increase year by year, and security standards in 2007 the security standard makes up the turning point because of natural growth in the establishment of mechanism. In the regional differences aspect, the differences in security standards of different regions match traditional three levels'economic development of Jiangsu Province, Southern, Middle and Northern, whereas differences in the per making up between middle and northern Jiangsu are not significant. In the urban-rural differences aspect, the security standards and per making up in urban minimum living are higher than that of the rural areas. Besides, the difference in per making up of the minimum living system between cities approaches gradually, while the difference in per making up of the minimum living system between villages expands larger and larger gradually. Finally, at the end of this part, taking Danyang City of Jiangsu Province as an example, the article studies the operation and problems of rural minimum living security system.This article also evaluates the results of Jiangsu rural minimum living policy. When evaluating the rural minimum living standard and per capita income related policies, according to the results of the regression analysis, the article obtains that at present Jiangsu Province has established the relationship between rural minimum living standard and per capita net income in rural areas. By the analysis of the difference in various areas where per making up is carried out and the eliminating Jiangsu's own allowance, the paper draws up that the provincial funds indeed plays a role to bridge the regional differences. In this part, we make use of the extended linear expenditure model to calculate the basic consumption needs of rural residents to compare with the actual minimum living security line, and make the conclusions that the rural minimum living standard of Jiangsu Province is low and unscientific. By building minimum living security fund demand model, to calculate the demand for subsidies for household subsistence allowances, and to compare with the actual amount of makeup, we come to the conclusion of the current low level of the makeup. Finally, we revised the model of the rural minimum living making up though the integration of the extended linear expenditure model and the minimal needs funding requirements model.Before making policy recommendations, this paper references the experience of foreign social assistance system. At the end of the paper, the conclusion is indicated which points out that the rural minimum living security system exits some problems, like limited coverage, simplex fund collection, illogical security standard, the construction of the rural minimum living security system far behind the urban areas, etc. Besides, the article also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions:establishment the realistic calculation method for security standard and subsidy, increasing national investment and mixed financial mechanisms, improving the staff's professional knowledge, strengthening the supervision and management of the system etc. In addition, a brighter future of the integration of the minimum living security system for urban and rural is prospected. After the two stages that "Unified Design, Different System" and "Unified System, Different Standard", here will establish the urban-rural integration minimum living standard system.