Research On Human Capital And Economic Growth In The Northeast Area

The 21st century is the era of knowledge economy. With the improvementof emphases that human resources to knowledge, and in order to adaptdemands of the age, human capital has gradually become the most importantfactor of production in the process of economic growth. Human capitalpromotes conversion of economic growth pattern of China in many aspects,and then to promote economic growth rapidly. The research of Human Capital,especially the relationship between human capital and regional economicgrowth, has underestimated effect to promote economic growth rapidly ofregional society.The research of human capital is developmental demand of the era ofknowledge of economy which makes more knowledge turn into productiveforces and more effectively applied to production activities.Accumulation and effective using of human capital create huge socialwealth. Human capital becomes the object of competition of many countries.Therefore, human capital has become the focus of attention around theworld. Most developed countries have attached great importance to humancapital investment and development. They think the application of humancapital as a part of national economic development strategy to beimplemented step by step. As the largest developing country of the world,human capital has also played a huge role in the process of economicdevelopment of China. It is not only the source of economic growth aroundthe world, but also the driving force of China's economic growth. On theone hand, human capital brings technological innovation and progress. Onthe other hand, it promotes adjustment and upgrade of industrial structure, improves the structure of urban-rural dual economic, and enhances thecompetitive strength. Thus human capital promotes China's economicgrowth effectively.Northeast area is currently old industrial base that Chinarevitalizes as the emphasis. There is a good basis of economic developmentin the Northeast area, but due to the impact of some factors, for exampleresource depletion, planned economic and so on, Northeast area has oncefell into stagnant development stage. Comparing with other area,especially southeast coastal area which has developed economic, Northeastarea has larger gap that further expands unbalance of regional economicdevelopment. Human capital is favorable factor to resolve the unbalanceof regional economic development. Through the research of relationshipbetween human capital and regional development of every area, andresolving the regional problems will promote regional economic growtheffectively and reduce the difference of every area. Undoubtedly, it hasa pivotal role to revitalize Northeast old industrial base.The application of human capital has ignored theoretical andpractical significance to assist Northeast area to overcome unbalancedisadvantage of regional economic development, and get to revitalizationtarget of Northeast old industrial base. From William Petty to Adam Smith,Thodore W.Schults, Paul M.Romer and Robert Lucas, many economists haveconducted in-depth study of human capital. Schults first puts forward theconcept of human capital. Romer and Lucas set up the mathematics modelof human capital and economic growth. They make human capital theorybecome more standardized and systematic which laid a solid theoreticalfoundation for human capital research. More economists apply the humancapital theory to production practice which clarifies human capitalprinciple, and further validates that human capital plays an importantrole in the process of economic growth. The research subject of the dissertation lies in scientificallyevaluate human capital situation of Northeast area. Through the analysisto stock, quality and investment of human capital, investigates humancapital problems of Northeast area and finds resolving countermeasureswhich will promote economic growth of Northeast area more effectively,reduce the gap between Northeast area and developed regions. At last,Northeast area will realizes sustainable development of economy.The dissertation is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 is prefacepart which investigates the background and significance of thedissertation, and summarizes the research achievements of human capitalof foreign and domestic experts. Chapter 2 is the theoretical basis ofthe dissertation, it analyzes human capital theory and economic growththeory in detail which will provide theoretical method for the subsequentempirical analysis. This part introduces the human capital theories ofSchultz, Becker etc. in detail and analyzes economic growth model of Romer,Lucas etc.Chapter 3 analyzes specific human capital situation of Northeast areaincluding population, human capital stock, and human capital investmentstatus and so on. Chapter 4 analyzes the influences of human capital toeconomic growth. Human capital is the source of economic growth, and itwill bring all kinds of effects in the process of economic growth. Humancapital and economic growth are closely related. Chapter 5 is the key partof the dissertation which analyzes human capital of Northeast area andregional economic growth. On the basis of the analysis of economic growthsituation of Northeast area, establishes evaluation index system,evaluates comprehensively human capital of Northeast area, and discussesthe function of human capital of Northeast area to regional economicgrowth. Chapter 6 is empirical analysis, which comparatively analyzes thehuman capital difference between Jilin Province and Zhejiang Province. On the basis of the previous chapters, combing with human capital statusof Northeast area and problems, chapter 7 gives human capital strategiesto promote economic growth of Northeast area from five aspects.Through theoretical and empirical research, qualitative andquantitative analysis of the full text, the author gets some researchconclusions. Firstly, a large number of human resources and rural surpluslabor of Northeast area are migrating outside the region which leads toa part of human capital outflows directly, makes human capital stockdecline, and affects human capital quality. According to the proportionof the employed population structure of three industries, the proportionof the first industry is too large, the proportion of the third industryneeds to further improve. Secondly, through quantitative calculation toshow that human capital stock of Northeast area is not enough whichaccounts for relatively smaller proportion of the country, and the growthrate is slow, the increasing of human capital quality is also limited.Thirdly, Northeast area has some problems, such as the stock and qualityof human capital are low, professional technology talents outflowseriously, human capital investment is relatively lack, which willobstruct economic development. Especially, the source of human capitalinvestment is single, it depends on the education funding, the proportionof expenditure on R & D and technology smaller. Fourthly, through thecorrelation analysis, we know that human capital and economic growth isclosely relationship which is high positive correlation. Therefore, humancapital has wide effects to adjustment and development of the industrialstructure, urban-rural dual economic structure and competitiveness of thecity. The human capital role in the process of economic growth is becomingmore and more significant. Fifthly, the establishing of human capitalevaluation index system and principal component analysis tell us thatalthough human capital general evaluation shows an increasing trend, human capital situation also needs continuous improvement. Sixthly, thehuman capital of Jilin Province and Zhejiang Province empirical analysisshows that Jilin Province has a series of problems, employed laborsproportion is small, human capital investment is not enough, and talentsoutflow is serious, which affects efficient using and transformation ofhuman capital and enlarges the gap with Zhejiang province.Integrating the whole dissertation analysis, the author thinks thatit must take positive strategies to improve human capital status ofNortheast area, promote regional economic growth. The strategies includethat as implementation main body, the government establishes perfectpersonnel policy, employment promotion policy, technology innovationpolicy and social security policy to resolve human capital problems frommacro perspective; through enlarging investment approach and quantity ofhuman capital, expanding the training scale, recommending human capitalof outside the region to increase human capital stock and improve humancapital quality from practical perspective; in addition, we must attachto the use of rural human capital, human resources cooperation betweenthe provinces of Northeast area, and Science and Technology Cooperationbetween Northeast area and other countries and areas of the world , whichwill realize the improvement of the human capital situation from manyaspects and angles and achieve sustainable development of the region.