The Study Of Organizational Intelligence' Framework

It is most widely acknowledged that the organizational intelligence is an organization's ability of creating, applying knowledge, and then adapting itself to the environment. Research in the field of organizational intelligence is a new development since it has introduced intelligence study of psychology into management. Organizational intelligence focuses not only on the impacts of organizational knowledge management upon organizational competitiveness, organizational innovation, and organizational performance, but also on the most initiative factor in an organization—organizational members. The period of study being a little bit too short, relevant research has not yet demonstrated the essence of management such as Resource-based View (RBV) and Capability-based View (CBV). Also, the common definition of organizational intelligence bears much resemblance with that of individual intelligence. Therefore, previous study on organizational intelligence used to be concerned about knowledge management, organizational memory and organizational learning. Meanwhile, there is one thing in common between organizational intelligence and organizational adaptability, i.e., both are thinking about a problem of how to use knowledge resources, deepen division of labor, improve the organizational structure, in order to make the organization more flexible, profitable, competitive and responsive when facing the ever-changing and complex environment.Organizational intelligence research has gained a relatively abundant coverage, but there exists a wealth of theoretical disputes. Through the literature review, this dissertation summarizes the three aspects of the controversy:(1) does intelligence exist at organization level? This dissertation argues that relevant research often lacks a sound psychological foundation, without positioning or defining the term of "intelligence". (2) What does "intelligence" aim to study? This dissertation argues that organizational intelligence research should go beyond "the relationship between intelligence and knowledge". In fact, the organizational intelligence research is an extension of management study from the perspective of psychology. Meanwhile, the dissertation points out some problems deserving exploration by the academic community. (1) the organizational intelligence research has experienced the development of psychology, cross-interdisciplinary subject, sociology, management science and other disciplines, following a conceptual path of intelligence→machine intelligence→business intelligence→organizational intelligence; (2) in the process of organizational intelligence research, psychology experienced a shift from the traditional concept of intelligence based on cognitive psychology to the modern concept of intelligence based on situation; (3) in the context of modern psychology, organizational intelligence features the comprehensive or multiple intelligence. Therefore, the traditional theories of organizational intelligence took cognitive psychology alone as the premise, which is the underlying cause of "the personification fallacy"; if researchers can focus on the new progress of psychology in research of intelligence and make some necessary adjustments in assumptions, they can develop and enrich the research ideas, consequently, they can build a more complete framework of organizational intelligence, and this is the right purpose of this dissertation.The dissertation covers some concepts of organizational intelligence, individual intelligence, knowledge management, and intellectual capital. There is ambiguity in their definitions, to some extent. Taking the most classical theories as a starting point, therefore, this dissertation treats the essence of organizations from RBV and CBV. Both of these vies are concerned about the way to look at resources, the resources of enterprise knowledge, the relationship between knowledge and business environment. Thinking about these issues can help us to combine organizational intelligence, knowledge management, and intellectual capital together, and on this basis, re-examine the establishment and improvement of the organizations' own intellectual system.First of all, this dissertation introduces classic psychological theories such as multiple intelligence, triarchic intelligence, and Gf-Gc theory into the study of organizational intelligence, the findings include:(1) intelligence is the product of a variety of abilities; (2) the components of intelligence reflect different characteristics in different agents, so that intelligence agents show different levels of intelligence in different situations. According to these conclusions, this dissertation presents the first part of hypothesis. Meanwhile, the concept of intelligence importance of modern psychology attaches importance not to the intelligence itself, but to the appraisal and the content of intelligence and the specific situation in which it performs. So researchers must first consider the characteristics of the environment before making the evaluation criteria for mental examination. This dissertation goes beyond the view that knowledge id only the shackles of instruction system, and incorporates the situation-based intelligence and knowledge included into the study, which is the second part of the hypothesis. Through taking a complete look at the development of intelligence at the organizational level, that is, from the path of from the intelligence→machine intelligence→business intelligence→organizational intelligence, this dissertation argues that the research of organizational intelligence in management can no longer copy the research of intelligence in psychology, but rather to extend the object of study to the "objects", which distinguishes the studies of human or animal mind in psychology. Therefore, this dissertation further suggests that the academic research of intelligence in management should shift from a static perspective. Based on this view, this dissertation presents the third part of the hypothesis.Secondly, there is a common problem as to the study of organizational intelligence: the relationship of organizational intelligence management and knowledge management. Previous research was confined to the simple analysis of the effects of organizational knowledge management on the improvement of the organizational of intelligence, thus. arising some problems such as the vague boundary between knowledge management and organizational intelligence, ambiguous relationship between management tools and the cost base, which resulted in the slow development and ineffective of empirical test of theories. Therefore, based on classical classification of knowledge, this dissertation analyzes the boundaries and management objects of knowledge management and defines the boundaries and management objects of knowledge management according to the knowledge stores and knowledge flows. Meanwhile, the dissertation argues that, regardless of the organization's endowment of organizational intelligence, intelligence is the natural resource possessed by an organization, and we can not ignore the organizational resources in intellectual endowments. In this dissertation, the stock of corporate knowledge and cognitive abilities will determine the enterprises in the knowledge creation, innovation capacity, thus determining the enterprise's competitive advantage. Stock of knowledge can provide the impetus to acquire new knowledge, but also contributes to the implementation of future conditions to explore the direction and scope of knowledge flows will always belong to the intellectual capital, but constantly switching between the various forms. Knowledge flows cover the whole intelligence system of the whole organization, while the organization's knowledge management is supposed to manage the organization's stock of knowledge.Thirdly, when it comes to the capital basis of intelligence, the dissertation concludes that two schools have been established:one is to regard the intellectual capital as the material resources of an organization, and research focuses on the relationship between the intelligence-related resources and organizational performance improvement and the achievement of the goals of an organization, which is called intellectual capital resources view; the other views the intellectual capital as a capacity, and organizational building capacity is to ensure the constant competitiveness in the long run, which is called intellectual capital capacity view. The former view does not pay much attention to the nature of the intellectual capital, not involving the relationships between knowledge, information and intellectual capital, partially acknowledging that the components of intellectual capital include tangible assets, and being very prominent in studying of its nature of being; while the latter view puts more emphasis on the role of staff and knowledge within an organization, attaching much importance to the ways of using knowledge and creating new knowledge, and the accumulation and reaction of human capital. This dissertation argues that intellectual capital represents the stock of knowledge organization, involving all the organization's intellectual capital, knowledge, both explicit knowledge or tacit knowledge, personal knowledge or organizational knowledge. Intellectual capital, knowledge management, organizational intelligence must exist between the academic logic, there is in the management of interdependence, knowledge management is the implementation of the organization's intellectual capital management, intellectual capital is to manage the object, and knowledge management is a management tool.Finally, the dissertation argues that, because the cognitive development of an organization is based on the cognitive ability of all member staff of the organization, therefore, with the help of psychology, we can determine the type, composition and role of organizational cognitive ability. Organizational cognitive ability is a series of more typical, long-standing characterization of intelligence organization, which may vary in different organizations, or in different behaviors of the same organization, and in this sense, organizational cognitive ability is similar to the crystallized intelligence and the fluid intelligence in Gf-Gc theory, and the management of organizational cognitive ability is an integral part the management of organizational intelligence. Forms of organizational cognitive ability resemble that of individual members. The process of driving its behavior by cognitive ability for an organization is just the process of processing information and knowledge through combining assets and behaviors. Therefore, the research of organizational intelligence will involve the analysis of the process of organizational behavior, the information processing and knowledge management, and the configuration of the organization's intellectual capital. Of course, since organizational cognition is driven by knowledge and information on the behavior of the organization, thus affecting the performance of the organization's performance, and this drive will be organized through the organization of existing knowledge and capabilities and market demand reflected the knowledge and ability between the test to discover, so will inevitably involve the organization's strategic, performance and other issues, but this part should belong to the objectives of an organization's intelligence management, not part of the content of organizational intelligence management itself.Meanwhile, the dissertation argues that, under modern economic conditions, information technology has become indispensible in forming the organizational intelligence. However, not all the information technology, equipment can be included in the study of organizational intelligence and business intelligence. For an organization in modern economic conditions, because the initial level of intelligence, knowledge, resources, organization size and organizational structure since its establishment and in the development process are quite different with each other, organizations differ much in the intelligence system. At the same time, taking into account the complexity of human resources, environmental variables and the development of information technology itself, we should determine the specific information technology in an organization's intelligence system in a reverse way, that is, studying the role of information technology in forming the organizational intelligence first. Therefore, this dissertation puts forward that organizational intelligence system includes intellectual capital, and that, any kind of organizational behavior is related to three different forms of intellectual capital, with relationship cost covering the whole knowledge flows within the organization, while the human capital and structural capital in organizational behavior is reflected in the organizational behavior required by the specific cognitive characteristics of the decision. According to the research mentioned above, this dissertation will be organized as follows:Chapter 1 is introduction:first comes the presentation of the background, and the research theme through the theoretical background and practical background; then comes the thoughts from related academic debates; the end of this part is about the content, research objectives, research significance and research framework and research methods are;The second chapter is the research basis and literature review about the intelligence: Through the research of intelligence from the aspect of psychology, this dissertation points out that, the concept of intelligence in the modern scene conditions, organizations need to re-examine the intellectual intelligence of the definition and influencing factors; by machine intelligence and business intelligence research, this dissertation presents, in management areas of intellectual study, we should consider certain types of machinery and equipment and related technologies to enhance the role of organizational intelligence; groups by sociology and management intelligence organization intelligence research, to explore this organization mental defects in the study and consider the organization from internal and external knowledge to become a key element of organizational intelligence system;The third chapter is the organization's knowledge management intellectual boundaries of research:First, based on knowledge management theory is widely accepted classification of knowledge, analysis of the nature of knowledge and knowledge of the main classification given to the changes brought about knowledge management boundary. Secondly, the dissertation based on knowledge flow characteristics within the organization, the organization made the object of intellectual knowledge management issues. Finally, the chapter considers the organization and interaction of internal and external environment characteristics, research in organizational knowledge management in the intellectual boundaries of research problem.The fourth chapter is the definition of intellectual capital in the research of organizational intelligence:intellectual capital nowadays is still waiting for a clear and definite definition, and what's more, the general composition of intellectual capital is insufficient to meet the requirement of organizational intelligence management under current economic conditions. So this chapter studies the assets properties of intellectual capital, components and roles, and suggests that both of newly-established and well-developed organizations have a different intellectual capital base. Based on the driving force of resources required in intellectual development, the chapter studies the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational intelligence, and the link between intellectual capital and knowledge management behaviors.Chapter 5 is about the building of the organizational intelligence management system:First, based on the research findings, this chapter makes some assumptions of organizational intelligence research, through which to identify the intelligence cycle in an organization. Second, relying on psychological research, this chapter forms a model of organizational cognitive ability, which provides a basis for the exploration of the ability of the organizational intelligence. Finally, the chapter examines the relationship and interaction between the organizational behavior, organizational intellectual capital and organizational intelligence, and based on the interaction between them, proposes several ways to enhance organizational intelligence.Chapter 6 is the concluding part:a summary of the properties of organizational intelligence in terms of knowledge management and intellectual capital, and the elaboration of formation basis, development paths and enhancing approaches of organization intelligence. This dissertation also summarizes its innovations and shortcomings, and proposes some recommendations on management practices and prospects for future research.Through the above studies, this paper designs a relatively complete framework of organizational intelligence with cognitive ability as the starting point. From this framework, we can clear these contents:(1) organization manages its human resources and physical resources with its cognitive ability to form the capital bases of organizational intelligence. Organization need to refine the contextual content of environment into organizational knowledge assets. And organization can lead to the formation of organizational cognitive ability management. (2) Through the management of knowledge flow and knowledge source, organization can drive various types of its behaviors. Through the same way, organization can clarify the objects and contents of its knowledge management. It will help organization to effectively use various types of intellectual capitals. Finally, all of above can help organization to build its competitive advantages. (3) Organization can promote the relation capital's flow in the organization, the structure capital's guarantee role, and the technology's auxiliary analysis through using the tool of knowledge management. So, organization can level the hunman resources' cognitive ability to form the benign intellectual capital management.The innovation and the contributions of this paper lie in:(1) Introducting the intelligence research basis in the psychology into the study of organizational intelligence in this study, and consequently established the system of organizational cognitive ability. In this study, the author innovativly identify the role of the organizational cognitive ability and the role of the organizational members' cognitive ability. Meanwhile, the paper clarifies the dispute on whether the organizational intelligence and organizational members'intelligence are the same content.(2) In connection with the controversy about whether organizational intelligence and knowledge management is the same object, the paper studies the relationship between organizational intelligence, knowledge management, and intellectual capital basing on the novel view and thought. In the study of the relationship between organizational intelligence and knowledge management, the paper put forward the boundaries and the objects in the different categories of knowledge. And according to the knowledge's flowing within the organization, the paper identifies the boundaries and the objects of knowledge management in the field of organizational intelligence. Furtherly, in the study of organizational intelligence'capital base, this paper presents the composition of capital for the study of organization intelligence. At the same time, the paper also points out the different roles of human capital, relationship capital, structure capital in the organization behaviors. These works have develop and expand the previous organization intelligence'research. Also, the paper can provides some help for the study of knowledge management and intellectual capital research.