Analysis On Non-equalization In Basic Public Service: Reason, Influence And Countermeasure

The non-equalization in basic public service is one of the main representations ofthe imbalance development of our current society and economic. This is not onlyagainst the substitutive characteristic of the socialist society that eliminate exploit,eliminate polarization finally, implementation is collective and rich, but also have anegative effect on the economic life. It is clearly pointed in the Twelfth Five-Year Planthat improves and operates the basic public service system in the next five year. Thestudy of this problem has important theoretical and practical meaning.This paper mainly adopts the normative analysis method, empirical analysismethod and comparative analysis method. The thinking of study is from basic theoryanalysis to empirical analysis then to conclusion the countermeasure analysis.The introduction part concludes and evaluates the relative domestic andinternational theories and clearly definite the public service, basic public service andequalization. Public service is an important component of public goods which mainlyrefers to the labor or service that inalienable in use, the non-competitiveness inconsumption and non-exclusiveness in return. Basic mainly refers to the minimumzone and lowest boundary in China's current economic development level. Thenon-equalization in basic public service is mainly represented by the differencesbetween rural and urban areas and among the different zones. It can be divided intonon-equalization in basic education, in public service, in sanitary condition and insocial insurance according to the different types. There are so many reasons lead to thenon-equalization which includes not only political and economic reasons but alsosocial system and historical reasons. But when it comes to the fundamental attribute ofthe public service and the characters of China's political system, the governmentshould take the main responsibility of the occurrence of the current non-equalization inChina's public service. The central component of this paper is the analysis of the reasons and the effectsof the non-equalization in basic public service by empirical analysis method. As tothe reasons for the non-equalization of the basic public service, the author of this paperselects the most representative non-equalization in basic education as the example byestablishing model, selecting index and regression analyzing. The result shows that theshortage and the unreasonable structures of the government expenditure in publiceducation lead to the unbalanced development of the education in rural and urban areasand among the different zones.The relationship between the public service and economic development is alwaysthe main point of theoretical study at home and abroad. Most of the theoretical studiesfocus on the effect of the scale and the structure of the public expenditure to theeconomic development rate, but when it comes to the result of the public expenditurethat whether it achieves the equalization and to the effect on the economic growth,there is few scholars studying in depth. The author holds an opinion that the currentsituation of the non-equalization in public service has a negative effect on theeconomic growth which is not only in general but also among the different areas anddepartments. For example, among the different types of the non-equalization, thenon-equalization in education and social security have a remarkable negative effect onthe economic growth but weaker in public health service. In addition, thenon-equalization of the public service has different effects among the different areaswhich decrease from eastern areas to central areas and then to western areas. Thissuggests that the more developed areas the more remarkable negative effect it has. Thebasic public service which is as an important method to non-currency incomeredistribution can adjust the income distribution and narrow the income gap throughimproving labor productivity, reducing public expenditure, improving the residents'quality and enhancing their ability to earn money. Instead of adjusting the incomedistribution, the unbalance of public service supply between rural and urban areas andamong different zones expands the income gap between rural and urban areas andamong different zones.In conclusion, the non-equalization in basic public service not only interfere therealization of the social fairness but also destroy the economic efficiency and stunt economic growth. So we should transform government functions as core, reformfinancial system as system guarantee and improve the public service standard astechnical support in order to realize the equalization in basic public service as soon aspossible.