The Research On Effective Realizing Forms In Developing The Rural Collective Economy

Chinese traditional collective economic system is the result of agricultural socialisttransformation. Since abolishment of the people commune system, radical variation hashappened to the realizing forms, function and developing ways of Chinese rural collectiveeconomy. In Chinese rural areas, collective economy organizations and collective ownershipof rural land gradually constituted the basic system for the rural economy,the system ofcollective possession but operated by contracted family, which emancipated ruralproductivity. However, the basic system for the rural economy overlapped the function ofrural collective economy organizations with the function of the villager committee andvillage party branch. After the end of the1970s, by setting up township enterprises withcollective ownership, collective economy underwent a rapid developing period, such as "SuNan Model","Zhu Cheng Model". Since the mid1990s, the rural collective ownershipreform has undergone a key breakthrough, owning to the full implementation of propertyright system reform for township enterprises as well as the operation of the cooperative forcommunity shares and the cooperative for community shares. Recent years, some areasleaded rural collective economy organizations changing from setting up collective enterprisesdirectly to mainly developing the collective property and implementing land circulation,producing some new features in rural collective economy development.From the overall, now Chinese village-level collective economy exists problems inunbalanced development, weak force and limited function in providing rural public facilitiesand services. The key to resolve these problems is to develop and expand the rural collectiveeconomy, which will be realized in exploring effective realizing forms. From the origin of thecollective economic development, rural collective economy has undergone evolution processfrom generation, development, twists and turns, recovery, growth to maturity. From the formof the collective economic development, rural collective economy includes central towncollective economy, suburb collective economy and farming area collective economy. Fromthe areal distribution, it includes developed areas and backward areas. From organization form, it has various forms. Therefore, evolution history and reality of rural collectiveeconomy makes a great challenge to explore its effective realizing forms.Based on this, the paper starts from the hypothesis that shortage of labor division,incompleteness of contracts and unbalanced market growth are reasons of the realizing formdiversification in rural collective economy development, deeply reaches on effective realizingforms with rural talents type, government-led type and contractual type. And then, it analysesthe current innovation trend in effective realizing form of Chinese rural collective economicdevelopment in macroscopic and microcosmic perspective, exploring development model andits governance mechanisms of effective realizing forms of rural collective economy intraditional agriculture, suburb and urban villages. Finally, by summing up the experiencesand lessons of effective realizing forms in Chinese rural collective economic development,the paper proposes system design of effective realizing forms in new rural collectiveeconomy. Specific research conclusions of this study are as follows:(1)The division of labor, the degree of marketization, and unbalanced regionaleconomic development are the three main reasons of the realizing form diversification inrural collective economy development. But its primary cause is the diversified realizing formsof public ownership, which means to diversify public assets of the rural collective economicorganization forms and mode of operation, and then to produce various forms of ruralcollective economy without changing the fundamental natures of the public ownershipeconomy.(2) The endogenic rural talent training mechanism plays an irreplaceable role in ruraleconomic development. From two perspectives, this paper presents two paths of talent-ledtype in rural collective economy: management buyouts of village-level collective enterprisesand establishment "professional village head" market. In economic perspective, humancapital of rural talents can promote economic and social development through the digestionand absorption of advanced technology and secondary innovation. In political perspective, theseparation of rural talents effort level and agent capability level can achieve the stripping ofthe economic functions and social service functions in rural collective economic realizingforms, by taking advantage of market incentives and compensating market failure.(3)Effective realizing forms of government-led rural collective economy are exploredfrom the perspective of the agricultural parks and social service functions. The crucial reasonof agricultural parks as an effective realizing form is that the gathering and diffusion of thecluster provide convenient venues and other infrastructure for farmers and then reducingtransaction costs by forming the agglomeration of capital and resources. Moreover, through the empirical study of Tiebout Model, the paper finds inter-regional migration of peasants iscaused by the difference between the collective economy and government public spending aswell as the regional differences of government public spending. Therefore, thegovernment-led type of effective realizing forms in rural collective economic developmentshould pay attention to the social public services.(4) The key of completing contractual type of effective realizing forms is to cultivate thecontract view of market players. Analyzing from the industrial perspective, the paper findsthe level of agricultural forward integration is highest in the food industry and textile, sewingand leather products manufacturing, while, agricultural afterward integration is highest infood manufacturing. This requires agricultural development should keep a foothold on theseindustries, carry out the agriculture modular division, promote cooperation and developmentof agricultural industry, and ultimately form and develop modern agriculture. Analyzing fromthe organizational perspective, the paper finds the emergence of agricultural cooperativeeconomic organizations is determined by the transaction efficiency, but the characteristics ofagricultural cooperative economic organizations decide that the cooperation betweenorganizations and farmer is not only in capital and technology, but in mutual supervise.(5) The key of effective realizing forms innovation in future rural collective economicdevelopment of lies in resolving the country's restrictions on collective land rights, thecollectivity fighting for land rights, the allocation of protective property rights and the waysfor farmers to involve in rural community cooperatives. The trend of the innovation mayfocus on the development of circular agriculture and the implementation of a certain extent ofnationalization, which means central government managing agricultural reclamation andleading enterprises, meanwhile, provinces managing staple agricultural base and largeenterprises.