Research On The Realization Forms Of Chinese Rural Collective Economy

The rural collective economy is an important embodiment of the socialist public ownership economy in the countryside.The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed for the first time the implementation of a rural revitalization strategy,emphasizing "strengthening the collective economy".In 2019,the party and the state proposed "innovating the operating mechanism of the rural collective economy and exploring multiple realization forms such as mixed operation" in promoting the development of urban-rural integration.Actively exploring various collective economic realization forms in rural areas with vast market potential can not only promote the diversification of the realization of socialist public ownership,but also promote the "second leap" in rural areas and the overall revitalization of the countryside.The development of Chinese rural collective economy and its realization form is a long-term process.In recent years,in the two-tier management system based on household contract management and combining centralization and decentralization,rural small-scale operation entities still account for the majority,the form of "unification" of the rural collective economy is still not rich enough,and the income of collective management is still not high.In the process of the development of the rural collective economy,the overall strength of the collective economy is still not strong,the joint function of collective economic organizations is relatively weak,and "shell villages" still occupy a large proportion.Therefore,on the basis of upholding and improving rural collective ownership,how to use and manage rural collective assets from the perspective of "unification",optimize rural collective operation modes,expand rural collective organization forms,and enrich the forms of rural collective economic realization,is the core issue of this article.In accordance with the idea of "Problem Analysis-Frame Design-Realization of Diversification of Forms",this article discusses the realization forms of Chinese rural collective economy.Firstly,in view of the question of why weneed to explore the realization form of Chinese rural collective economy,this article analyzes from the three dimensions of theory,history and reality.In the theoretical dimension,this article combs the thoughts on the development of rural collective economy and its realization form in economic theories at home and abroad from the two levels of Marxist economics and Western economics.In the historical dimension,according to the evolution of rural collective ownership under different economic systems and the changes in rural collective operation modes and organizational forms,this article divides the development process of Chinese rural collective economy into four periods:germination(1949-1956),formation(1956-1978),breakthrough(1978-1993)and expansion(1993-present),the history of the realization form of each period is explained separately evolution.In the reality dimension,this article analyzes the real dilemmas of the development of Chinese rural collective economy from four aspects of property rights,operation,organization,and elements,and illustrates the necessity of exploring multiple forms of rural collective economy in the new development stage.The study found that in actual practice,there are obstacles to the implementation of rural collective ownership.Collective operating income is less and the burden is heavier.The main status of rural collective economic organizations needs to be strengthened urgently.The efficiency of factor utilization is not high and it is difficult to flow,which restricts the further development of rural collective economy.Secondly,for the question of how to systematically analyze the realization form of Chinese rural collective economy,this article constructs an analysis framework of the realization form of Chinese rural collective economy.Including five aspects including the constituent elements,influencing factors,goals,principles,and paths of the realization of the rural collective economy,covering the basis for exploring the realization of the rural collective economy,what forms of realization of the rural collective economy are explored,and exploring the various forms of the rural collective economy what effect should the realization form achieve,and how to explore the specific content of the various realization forms of the rural collective economy.The study found that,first of all,as the production relationship formed in the development of rural collective economy,the realization of rural collective economy has its own internal regulations,including one foundation and two essentials;one foundation is rural collective ownership,and two essentials are collective operation modes and collective organization forms,they are also the basic basis for exploring multiple realization forms.Next,the diversification of the realization forms of the rural collective economy is realized through the diversified utilization of elements and the diversified development of industries under a clearly regulated property right system.These three types of factors have profoundly affected the development of the realization forms.Then,based on the new stage of development,persist in giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas,and explore a variety of effective realization forms.The goal is to develop and expand the new rural collective economy,promote the diversification of public ownership,and promote rural revitalization and common prosperity of farmers and rural areas.Afterwards,in the process of exploring the various forms of realization of the rural collective economy,the principles of unity and decentralization,farmers' willingness,government and market integration,and local conditions should be adhered to.Further,starting from the dimension of rural collective assets,according to different types of collective assets such as resource assets and operating assets,we can classify and explore the specific realization forms and development paths of the new rural collective economy.Thirdly,aiming at the question of how to explore the multiple realization forms of Chinese new rural collective economy,this article conducts research based on the classification of different types of rural collective assets.First of all,from the perspective of the protection and utilization of rural collective resource assets,this article divides rural collective resource assets into land resources and ecological resources,combining new changes such as the reform of the "three-rights separation" of rural land,according to the different uses and protection and utilization of land resources in the development in the new rural collective economy,relying on typical cases,classified and explored three realization forms of land stock cooperation,production service and stock revitalization;combined with new changes such as the optimization of the ecological resource property rights system,according to the operation mode and protection and utilization of ecological resources,classify and explain the realization of resource development and the realization of mixed operation.At the same time,it analyzes in detail the specific operation modes,organizational forms and their positive effects,scope of application and constraints in various forms of realization.Next,from the perspective of the management of rural collective operating assets,this article mainly selects fixed assets and current assets,which account for a relatively large proportion of assets,based on the new situation in the reform of the rural collective property rights system,such as the reform of the shareholding cooperative system of rural collective operating assets and the quantification of asset shares,and links with representative cases to analyze in depth the specific aspects of the management of the two types of collective operating assets,including operation modes,organizational forms,and their positive effects,scope of application and constraints.Among them,according to the location distribution and operation and management status of rural collective operating fixed assets,the two representative realization forms of property operation and off-site home ownership are intensively studied;according to the source channels and operating management status of rural collective operating liquid assets,respectively two representative realization forms of asset development and capital operation are studied.Afterwards,from the perspective of promoting the diversification of the realization forms of the new rural collective economy,this article puts forward specific policy recommendations in view of the constraints in the development of multiple realization forms,including exploring the establishment of an evaluation mechanism for the realization of the new rural collective economy,persisting in and improving rural areas of collective ownership,optimizing of rural collective operation modes,expanding of rural collective organization forms,and strengthening of rural collective asset management five aspects.The possible innovations of this article are: first,construct and elucidate the theoretical analysis framework of the realization form of Chinese rural collective economy,and systematically demonstrate the constituent elements,influencing factors,goals,principles,and paths of the realization form of the rural collective economy from the operational level.Compare different types of realization forms and promote the concrete realization of public ownership in rural areas to provide theoretical references.The second is based on the classification of different types of rural collective assets to study the various realization forms of Chinese rural collective economy.According to the different nature of rural collective resource assets and operating assets,from the perspectives of protection,utilization and management,in-depth exploration of 9 realizations the operation mode,organizational form and actual effect.The third is to study the typical realization forms of Chinese rural collective economy from the perspective of the development of the new rural collective economy,in accordance with the new changes in the rural land "three-rights separation" reform and the reform of the rural collective property rights system,then analyze the scope of application of typical new realization forms,and further promotion and application in rural revitalization in different regions.