| Since the emergence of humans, the cultivated land as the essence of land resources provides the most basic conditions of space for human survival and development, the needs of production and means of subsistence to human existence directly or indirectly, and becomes the basic conditions between different stakeholder interests which have a fundamental impact on the pattern of distribution of benefits among different stakeholders. In this sense, neo-classical economics guru Marshall made it clear that no better in early development countries or in the emerging countries, a statesman with a vision to land legislation than to legislate on other forms of wealth will have a greater responsibility to future generations. Under the present conditions of human life, the scientific and technological progress cannot promise the existing independently of mankind which leaves farmland products, therefore, cultivated land protection in modem economic research will still be faced as an indisputable reality. The latest data shows that in2006.9.858billion mu of agricultural land has only1.827billion mu size of cultivated land in China. and has features as uneven regional distribution, the overall not high quality. and high-yield cultivated land21.55%per cent of all arable land. From the trends observed from1996to2006. cultivated land area in China decreases by1.24million mu. If we take into account of population increasing factors, its declining will be faster, per capita of cultivated land area fell from1.54mu in1996to1.401mu in2005. which fell to13.78%.With the sustainable development views became global consensus background, facing population continued increasing, modernization, and urbanization level further improvement. based on human basic survival development by needs of food security considered. China must persist strictly effective cultivated land protection policy. Chinese central Government takes reasonable using land and effectively protection cultivated land as basic national policy, but continued fell of cultivated area description existing cultivated land protection policy cannot reach expected effect. Papers using political economy analysis method and the modern economics analysis theory and tools, discuss a economics formed mechanism which behind a contradictions phenomenon among constantly strengthened of cultivated land protection system, continued climbed of gross national product and constantly reduced of cultivated area, look for low efficiency run of Economics occurred mechanism which exists among cultivated land protection system. makes recommendations for Chinese future cultivated land resources protection system adjustment. and has a view to guarantee economic social development reaching sustainable development State as Adam. Smith provides the pleasure and contented state.This paper has8chapters. The5th chapters.6th chapters and7th chapters are the mam parts.Chapter one mainly introduces the background, significance, the object definition, basic methods used in the study process of the papers. which Clear submitted papers will be in accordance with the summary of study on the method of political economy Professor Hou Feng-yun, divide the land protection stakeholders. through discussion on the study of the relationship among material s of interest subject. find the reasons behind the phenomenon as the scale and quality of cultivated land being a double down during Chinese modernization process. At the same time. Chapter one briefly introduces the research framework and the main content of the paper, and analyzes the innovations and shortcomings of the paper.Chapter two is review which divides into two main parts. This article thinks in order to analysis on cultivated land through theory awareness firstly it should understand land status and role of awareness in economic growth theory evolution process. Papers point out that exist a cycle process of attention-ignored-again attention to the land status and role of awareness in economic growth theory evolution process. Contemporary economic research on land status and role in social economic development in theory analysis gradually fuses with mainstream research. On the other hand. this article finishes literature on cultivated land protection from international and domestic actions, point out that at present, domestic research on cultivated land protection only using the international mature research results and technical analysis which lacks of basic theory research of cultivated land protection into the comprehensive analytical framework, so as to points out the value of dissertation research.Chapter three is definition of the basic concepts and basic theory in the research process. This part pays attention to the problem of a clear definition of modem economic research in the land by firstly making concept of land in the analysis of the economic theory evolution. On this premise, this chapter makes clear definition and description for concepts of cultivated land, cultivated land protection and external of cultivated land protection for the use of research. In the basic theory section, this chapter makes a relatively detailed description of the basic theory which has an important supporting role in the formation of this paper.Chapter four is the historical evolution and current situation analysis on cultivated land protection system, the land taxation system and land expropriation compensation systems in China which has great effect on interest distribution. This chapter clearly point out the problems among above these three systems. The above analysis on farmland protection system and practice will give out a background foundation for papers Research.Chapter five is the behavior study of the central and local government on cultivated land protection. On the basis of theoretical analysis, from the two specific perspective which are central government and local government's income and economic growth, this chapter points out that under the current system condition, the opportunism behavior of the local government who give up cultivated land protection and change the use the cultivated land for construction is consistent with economic rationality behavior. and as is born inside the system, so the strict central cultivated land protection policies and measures at the local government level executive effect is not ideal. From the long-term economic growth perspective, the local government considers the food supply from external conditions. so that it can make regional economic growth from constraints of cultivated land and construction land and other resource. and the local economic development convergence to the long-term economic growth path in accordance with the Solow model proved. But from the central government level visits. too fast a drop of cultivated land may make the national level of long-term economic growth cannot achieve the level of Solow long-term economic growth equilibrium, even makes the country level of economic growth cannot convergence to equilibrium path because of restrictions of cultivated land and construction land use, so that the production function form may change from Cobb-Douglas form to Leontief form, and national long-term level of economic increase rate of change will be strictly subject to farmland or the scale of construction land.Chapter six is the behavior study of Chinese rural collective organizations on cultivated land protection. The theories of the logic of collective action and the encompassing interests which were provided by Olson have two-way capacity of organizations to explain the collective goods provision in the collective behavior. With the public goods nature, cultivated land protection shows the positive externality. But the rural collective action does not meet the conditions of Olson and tax reform of rural collective organizations, village cadres and farmers lack of encompassing interests after taxes and fees reform, resulting in farmers initiative supply of cultivated land protection deviating socially optimal amount and the existing phenomenon of getting rid of the protection of cultivated land in the pursuit of interests from the rural collective and village cadres. For land transfer. the implementation of selective incentives. the reconstruction of rural encompassing organizations and the increase state support will be the direction of policy adjustment for cultivated land protection in China, and also will be guarantee to implement the basic national policy and achieve the important goal of cultivated land protection. Chapter seven is the behavior study of Chinese fanner on cultivated land protection. During the economic structure transition. Chinese fanner will face a bigger space and the more freedom to dispose resources and realize the income maximization. Taking the labor force disposition as the foundation. income maximization condition proves that under the effect influence of the crops price and the government subsidy. Chinese fanner can realize the income maximization when the marginal revenue contribution from labor investment is equal between agriculture management and going-out. During the realizing of the income maximization, the reason which the cultivated land protection behavior of farmer occurs is the labor investment for protection to obtain the full compensation. Sharing income from the cultivated land protection is the basic requirement for fanner to take protection behavior. Under the circulation condition of cultivated land, comparison vertical analysis between agriculture labor force investment and the change of cultivated land quantity further shows that the cultivated land protection behavior of famer is complex. Fully considering the resources talent changing tendency and the behavior choice of farmer among the cultivated land circulation. Chinese government should adjust and consummate the cultivated land circulation policy.Chapter eight is the summary of the main conclusions. Based on the concept of sustainable development. this chapter puts forward the related policy suggestion both coordination of material interests among the benefit stakeholder and improvement of the protection system of cultivated land execution efficiency from China's current cultivated land protection systems and practical. In addition. the directions and the problem for further research is discussed.
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