An Analysis Of Agricultural Economic Issues Of Kuomintang Government During The War Of Resistance Against Japan

During the War of Resistance against Japan, the agricultural economy in China is divided into three divisions in the Revolutionary base areas, Japanese occupied areas, and the areas controlled by Kuomintang government. Compared with the researches about the economy in Japanese occupied areas and in Revolutionary base areas, the study on economy in the areas controlled by Kuomintang Government is less insufficient. Only a few research results at home, to meet the ideology need, have many political critiques, few rational researches. This article, taking the new institutional economics and the new economical history as a methodology, through theory elaboration and discrimination, and through the document real diagnosis analysis of the agricultural model zone, the agricultural loans and the foreign trade of agricultural products in the areas controlled by Kuomintang government during the War of Resistance against Japan, attempts to analysis institutionally the success and failure of the national government developing agricultural economy under the wartime controlling economy ( state monopoly), providing some benefits from history to the agricultural development at the turn from the socialism planned economy to market economy. On this foundation, propose some suggestion of policy, and design the way of the agricultural model zone, the agricultural loans and the foreign trade of agricultural products to our country.The full text divides six chapters. The first and second chapters are the full text argument foundation and the logical beginning, also the full text preparation part. The third, fourth, and fifth chapter, separately from the three cases of agricultural model district, the agricultural loans and agricultural products foreign trade in the areas controlled by Kuomintang government, taking the historical data as the basis and the system design as the criterion, carries on the commentary to three agricultural economic activities, and has carried on the appraisal on historical achievements to each economic activity. The six chapter, composed of three divisions, is the conclusion, foothold and the home to return to of full text. The first second, and third, division corresponding the third, fourth and fifth chapters separately, put forward the policy-type proposal to three agricultural economic activities along the system construction.Chapter One: Introductory. It indicates the research goal and the significance of this article, proposes the research mentality and the research technique from the research theory and the real diagnosis historical data to the domestic and foreign research results, and finally shows the innovation in this article compared with the domestic and foreign other research results.Chapter Two: Overall weight on agricultural economic development and the wartime national government's agricultural economic policy This chapter, after summarizing the relations of land holding and the management form in countryside, carries on the commentary on the reform of land system, tenancy system and land tax of the national government in prewar from the system vicissitude angle;draws the conclusion: From the 1911 Revolution to the year of 1936 prior to Sino-Japanese War, Chinese bourgeoisie devoted to capitalism development in China, enabled the national income to achieve the old China's historical maximum level. After an analysis of the main economic policy implemented by Guomintang government draws a conclusion that the controlling policy is belonged to the state monopoly economic policy, and the wartime rural economy also has the characteristic of state economy. Under the instruction of monopoly economy, the national government, by the government force, compulsory carries on the system construction in the countryside for the purpose of promoting the agricultural economy. All these diligencesgot up the positive role to the promotion of wartime rural economy development.Chapter Three: Propping up land-holding peasant agriculture model district during the wartime in the areas controlled by Kuomintang government. This chapter, after a summary of the historical background and the entire process of the national government establishing the land-holding peasant agriculture model district in the area of Beibei, Chongqing, carries on an appraisal to its positive significance, and on an analysis to the defeat reason. The author believes that, Beibei propping up the land-holding peasant model district obtains the success for a while, which has main three reason: One, from central to local, the administration authority has displayed a leading role in this system vicissitude;Two, the trinity of experimental leadership system, which is composed of the local administration authority, the land finance department and the agriculture department, causes the experiment to have the various essential condition on the administrative impetus, the plan design, the fund supplies and the technical guidance;Three, That of careful arrangement, careful design and careful operation guarantees each link of test to carry on systemically. As for the model district has not been seen promotion after obtaining "the success", which concerns with national government's essence. The national government, in the fact, is bourgeoisie government. It represents the landlord and bourgeoisie's benefit, devotes to the capitalism development, but props up land-holding peasant's experiment not to tally landlord class's final benefit orientation in the countryside, the final defeat also becomes inevitably.Chapter Four: Wartime agriculture loan in areas controlled by Kuomintang government. This chapter, after narrating in turn the origin, the start, the development, the adjustment and the contraction of agricultural loan, analyses the government behavior in the agricultural loan. The author agrees: Compared with the prewar agricultural loan, the wartime agricultural loan expansion is mainly subject to the national government using the state financial organ strength, which the function of state can never be substituted in the agricultural loan development. The wartime agricultural loan becomes, in the agricultural loan history of Chinese modern times, a unique peak, which also is because the national administration authority takes the agricultural loan highly, is the result of taking agricultural loan as the main measure of development of wartime agricultural economy.Chapter five: Wartime national government's agricultural product foreign trade This chapter, through an analysis of organization evolution of the wartime national government agricultural product trade control and the formulation and the adjustment of trade policy as well as the import-export trade condition of agricultural products, draws the conclusion: The implementation of agricultural product foreign trade control of national government in the Sino-Japanese War time, adapts the wartime state monopoly economic system, the political system as well as the military condition, which has the inevitability. The formulation and the adjustment of agricultural product foreign trade policy has the certain protection and promotion to the wartime national government's entire foreign trade, and has successfully made the certain contribution to the resistance fights;The success and failure in implementation, adjustment of trade control policy, and the trade practice, has made the beneficial exploration for the scientific style of Chinese foreign trade management mechanism;The implementation wartime foreign trade control, causes the foreign trade in the areas controlled by Kuomintang government to appear the favorable balance of trade, which changing the aspect of unfavorable balance of trade permanently of Chinese foreign trade since 1877, which has unusual significance in Chinese foreign trade history.Chapter six: Enlightenment and design composed of three divisions. The first, about agriculturalmodel district. The demonstration of our country's agricultural model district must revolve the different level of agricultural industrial production, the development of agriculture science and technology, the protection of agriculture ecological environment, the improvement of farmer's quality, the exploration of peasant organization and system form of agricultural economic cooperation, the perfection of agricultural extension system and so on. The second, about Rural finance reform. The total goal of rural finance reform should be: to establish the financial system which is composed of many kinds of types financial organ (bank, credit society and jot credit organization and so on). The government should display the leading role in the rural finance reform, during maintenance finance stable, Should encourage the competition, guide the financial resources through the designing reasonable finance tool flowing. The rural finance organization must improve the service, design a more reasonable product, model jot credit for domestic and foreign experiences certificate effective credit way, raise the management level and the efficiency, allow and encourage the rural finance organization establishment nimble convenience the deposit type, to meet peasant household's deposit needs well. The third, about agricultural product trade. Must focus on the world big market;stream into the international trade system, positively adjust the agricultural production structure, develop the agricultural products with comparison superiority;reform the circulation system of domestic large amount agricultural products, speed up the marketability step;fully uses the related rule of WTO to support agriculture development;speeds up the urbanized step to impel the shift of agricultural surplus labor force.