Study On Railway Passenger Ticket Discount Sale Of Our Country

In recent years our government has gradually relaxed the restrictions about discount sale of railway passenger ticket, and some railway service departments have already been engaged in correlative attempts. But their practical effects were not satisfactory. It is hold that there is some crucial causation for these phenomena. Advanced administration measures are absent in this discount decision-making experience, and sale judgments mainly depend on individual subjective knowledge. The fixed single discount scale is not accommodated with rapid diversification of objective economy conditions, and that can not reflect the law of value. On the other side, the discount scale is kept independent with the seat utilization, from which has resulted in the seat emptiness to some extend. Furthermore the sale pattern is not adequately flexible, and its implement means are still backward in technique.To provide theory basis and scientific management technique for discount sale of railway passenger ticket, make full use of discount sale policy rationally, and truly introduce market mechanism into our country railway passenger transportation, experience of airline revenue management that is practically mature in national aviation has been used for reference. Two major aspects of discrimination price and inventory control are investigated.To offer theory proof for dynamic pricing data, first of all the maximum concave envelope theory appropriate for single-leg is led into price management. Then through a series of conception definitions and conversion process, a rather complicated network transportation problem is transformed into a single-leg problem. The intrinsic concave envelope theory that adapts for the homogeneity products is sequentially developed to the field of network transportation. Moreover in allusion to the multilevel separated prices, the whole network all-level fare effect of each leg comprehensively taken into consideration, some peculiar property variations of leg-price combination in network transportation are discussed and demonstrated. A new algorithm for its optimal fare combinationis accordingly introduced into this area. Tested by a numerical example, the measure how to select a valid price-combination subset from given price sets are demonstrated, and correctness of the developed maximum concave envelope theory for network transportation gets verified. On the other hand, complexion of practical application is also well-considered. Consequently theory basis for fare generation of each level in dynamic pricing gets provided.In seat inventory control, bid price method can't limit low fare booking, and EMSR method is just applied to sing-leg condition. Each method has its superiority and limitations, and some distinct differences between civil aviation and railway passenger transportation exist objectively. Based on a series of definitions, such as the best probability factor, recondite price and etc, the Value Decomposed and Price Transformed theory is put forward. Thus network control can be transformed into single-leg control. Then with traditional EMSR method combined, nesting structure administration mode is practiced for each leg's seats. When the order amounts of each origination-destination level fare are restricted reasonablely, the total network revenue of railway passenger transportation will receive further improvement.Remarkably, avigation and railway has dissimilar transportation character and industry management method, which lead to prominent discrimination in their implementation model of seat value. Once plane take off, its unsold seats will never get distribution any more. The value of its idle seats will drop to zero promotly. So that even the discount ticket must be sold out before the plane takes off. However when trains leave station, numerous unsold seats are still possible to be sold alone the line; their values still have the possibility to be realized. For train has disparate probability to realize the value of its unused seats, conception of Gradually-Vanishing Asset (GVA) is put forward. Typically, railway seats belong to the second kind of GVA. Therefore a new essential discretional pricing principle that the demand should get close to the production capability is brought forward. The trains' unused sleeping berth taken as the foothold, it is advanced that on the train tickets should be sold in motion after the normal time station by station. The correlative theoretical source is complemented. Contrasted with the actual effect of the ordinary price-fixed method, changes of revenue, consumerremnant and society welfare are analyzed separately. Associated with the present railway ticket-presell system and motional ticket-sold style after the normal time, malpractices of handiwork-sold mode at the station are analyzed. It is suggested that on the train discount tickets should be sold dynamically after the normal time in motion, and implementing project details are proposed simultaneously.