Rural Land Policies In China

Rural Land Policies in China: Historical Analysis and Institutional InnovationUnder the circumstance of issues concerning agriculture, countryside, and farmers attracting more and more public attention, the author systematically analyzes and discusses the history, the reality and the future of rural land policies in China from the view of its innovation, striving to offer novel ideas to tackle issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers effectively. The paper evolves based on "raising the question—analyzing the question—discussing relative literature—dissecting the history —studying demonstration designing innovation —conclusion and proposal".Both theoretical analysis and empirical study show that: it's the core of choosing the countryside land policies as the fundamental part of countryside economic system, as well as the carrier of countryside society productivity progress; timely innovation and scientific construction of land policies are not only the center meaning of the pattern in pursing the lasting, steady, harmonic development of countryside product and rural economics, but also the precondition of government macroscopic agriculture policies. From the view of reality, the rural land policies has not been well established, which need theoretical and practical innovation to further solve the issues concerning agriculture, countryside, and farmers.Generally, the rural land carries both natural and economic characters. Its natural characters are: the fixation of its location, the limitation of its quantity, the differentiation of its quality, the durability of its function. Its economic characters are: the scarcity of its quantity, the unchangeability of the variety of its utility, the sociability of its exploitation sequent, and the possibility of progressive decrease of the profit. According to the connotation, rural land policies are the organic system effectively distributing and optimizing rural land and other factors of production; are the regulation system to guarantee the smooth operation of the organic system mentioned above. Rural land policies are carriers of the development of rural productivity and the media of turning basic factors of productivity into real productivity. During the operation of rural land policies, the following marks its characters: all-round consideration of its aim, flexibility of its pattern, diversity of its mode, family-orientation of its carrier, appropriation of its scale and perfection of its mechanism. Basic principles of rural land policies innovation are: adjusting measures to local conditions, being appropriate and timely, respecting individuals and being mutually beneficial, optimization grouping, restricting by regulations and backing from the law.There are two trends in the study of the innovation of rural land policies. One is to study the achievement of the innovation and to optimize the policies; the other is to study approaches and systems of the innovation under the tricky circumstance of issues concerning agriculture, countryside and fanners. Nowadays, the innovation of rural land policies must be supported by certain theories such as property rights theory, approach...