| A large population with relatively little land is China's basic national conditions. We speed up the process of industrialization and urbanization, at the same time the cultivated land is decreasing very rapidly, and this condition has already been threatening to the national food security. So the state council has put forward the red line of "1.8billion mu" cultivated land. Therefore, it has been severely restricted that the construction land get satisfied by occupation of cultivated land, and it urgently needs to properly handle the relationship between protecting cultivated land and the development of urbanization and industrialization, so that change the supply mode of the original town construction land and achieve neither ran the red line of cultivated land nor hamper economic growth. Then, the rural construction land consolidation has come into being. The implementation of rural construction land consolidation is a huge impetus for protecting cultivated land, promoting intensive utilization of land resources, ensuring the urban construction land, and promoting the all-round development of the rural economy. But rural construction land consolidation is such a complicated system engineering, that it faces many obstacles in practice. So in order to promote rural construction land consolidation generally and constantly, we need to constantly study on the theoretical and practical of rural construction land consolidation, and more on system innovation. As the experimental area of integrated innovation of urban and suburb, Chongqing has taking new steps in planning urban and rural areas as a whole. It takes the lead in establishing a rural land exchange, and providing a new platform for rural construction land consolidation. On the basis of analysing research results of land consolidation especially rural construction land consolidation both at home and abroad, this paper take Chongqing as an example, and carried out the research of rural construction land consolidation operation and system innovation combining with the practice of Chongqing. Through this research, we hope to enrich the theory research content of rural construction land consolidation, deepen the scientific understanding of rural construction land consolidation, put forward the content framework of promoting the system innovation of rural construction land consolidation, then provide reference for the government to making scientific policy and normalizing and guiding the practice of rural construction land consolidation. This paper used the research methods of literature material, empirical research, typical survey, combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, and considered system theory, land intensive use theory, the relation between human and land as the theoretical guidance. On the basis of making full use of the master data, it clarified the relationship between rural construction land consolidation, urban and rural construction land increase or decrease in the hook and the new countryside construction, and analyzed the present situation and problems of the rural construction land use of Chongqing, and the potential of rural construction land consolidation, and explore the pattern choice of rural construction land consolidation pattern, and revealed the present situation of rural construction land consolidation and the operation of "land bill" in Chongqing. It also dissected the driving force and obstacles of rural construction land consolidation, and then put forward the system innovation and security system of rural construction land arrangement.Throughout the full text, it mainly researched and drew the relevant conclusion from seven aspects:(1) The comparison between the rural construction land consolidation, urban and rural construction land increase or decrease in the hook, and the new countryside construction.Rural construction land consolidation, urban and rural construction land increase or decrease in the hook, new rural construction, and land scale operation belong to different concept categories and have different objective orientations, they relate, rely on, and have cause and effect between each other. Therefore, we should take urban and rural construction land increase or decrease in the hook, new rural construction, and land scale operation as opportunities, and promote the rural construction land consolidation actively. At the same time, we should promote new rural construction and land scale management in rural construction land consolidation, and all these service the rural economic and social development.(2) The present situation and problems of rural construction land in Chongqing.By analyzing the quantity change of urban and rural construction land, the urban and rural construction land space distribution and the per capita construction land of rural in Chongqing, this paper reflected the status in quo of rural construction land in Chongqing. It mainly expresses for: Rural residential land is the main body of the construction land; in recent years the urban construction land grow quickly, and rural construction land reduce little; in the34districts of Chongqing, there are big differences in the distribution of rural residential land and per capita construction land. Based on the investigation and analysis, this paper reveals the rural construction land of Chongqing faces many problems such as per capita construction land is too large, rural residential area distribute have scattered distribution, there are many independent small courtyards, and "hollow" phenomenon is more and more serious. Conclusion:it has vital practical significance for Chongqing to promote rural construction land consolidation actively. It's not only the important measures to realize the conservation and intensive utilization of land resource, but also the important guarantee to ensure the "1.8billion mu" land red line. Moreover, it's the important action to coordinate the development of urban and rural and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. It will become the driving force to boost socialist new rural construction and deepen the system reform of the rural land.(3) The potential of rural construction land consolidation in ChongqingUsing the measuring method of per capita quota, the author worked out the theory potential of rural construction land consolidation in Chongqing's34districts from2008to2020, which is53.55%of the total stock construction land of rural of the whole city in2008. From the regional distribution to see,"one hour economic circle" has the most theory potential in rural construction land consolidation. The second is "Chongqing northeast". The potential of "The southeast of Chongqing" is relatively small. It is analyzed that the theory potential of rural construction land consolidation can not be fully released in the short term, and it should be restricted by natural and geographical conditions, economic ability, traffic conditions, and the mode and cost of rural residential land consolidation, how much the farmers support. Then using the theoretical potential coefficient correction method, the author worked out the real potential of rural construction land consolidation of Chongqing's34districts in2020, which is26.9%of the total stock construction land of rural of the whole city in2008. It shows that the potential of rural construction land consolidation in Chongqing is very considerable.(4)The mode selection of rural construction land consolidation in ChongqingThe operation model of rural construction land consolidation could be summarized into two styles:rural residential areas consolidation space organizational model and implementation organization model. Rural residential areas consolidation space organizational model includes building apartment houses or community-oriented model, villages in the overall relocation model, the contraction and merger of natural village and construction of central village pattern, the offsite transformation of the mode and village internal land reform of the control type mode. In the practice of rural construction land consolidation, there are mainly three kinds of organization and implementation model:Government-led, market-oriented and village collective autonomous. The mode selection has become an important part of rural construction land consolidation. This paper claims that Chongqing city should observe the principle of otherness, prospective and overall and choose the appropriate rural construction land consolidation model according to the difference of natural condition, regional location and social economy condition in different area.(5) Implementation of Chongqing's rural construction land consolidation and the operation of land bill systemRural construction land consolidation is the result of further development of land consolidation. Chongqing is exploring the land use and management reform work of urban rural harmonious. Especially in rural construction land consolidation, Chongqing makes a beneficial try. In2008, Chongqing established the first rural land exchange of the nation, and built a platform for "land bill" which is produced in the rural construction land consolidation. This paper analyzes the implementation of rural construction land consolidation of Chongqing from2000to2010. The results show that rural construction land consolidation is expanding rapidly in scale because of the urban and rural construction land increase or decrease hook, urban and rural synthetically reform and new rural construction and so on, especially the establishment and operation of Chongqing's rural land exchange. This paper analysis the operation condition of Chongqing's land bill system, and dissects the performance of the land bill system operation. This paper suggests that land bill system has opened up a new source for city construction land index, and will guarantee the land demand of urban development, innovate the mode of equilibrium of cultivated land, clarify land property rights, clear the rural land value, construct the platform of city supporting country, and has the social economic performance of coordinating the land use of urban and rural. Finally, the author points out some theoretical and practical problem which need to be solved in operation of the land bill system:the land bill trade lacks of theory and law basis; the factitious impacts of land bill prices, the enthusiasm of the main body who purchase land bill, the excessive loss of a rural construction land in remote area, and how to perfect the land bill system.(6) The driving force and barriers of rural construction land consolidationRural construction land consolidation is intricate system engineering. There are both many driving force and barriers in the current implementation of rural construction land consolidation. This study suggests that the main driving force are:driving policies such as takes filling balance policy, urban and rural construction land increase or decrease hook, the system reform of household registration and the promotion of "land bill" system, drive of urbanization, drive of new countryside construction, drive of economic development. They will interact and produce a more powerful force and jointly promote the rural construction land consolidation work. At the same time, the major barriers that restrict or delay the rural construction land consolidation are:capital bottleneck, the clarity and adjustment of land property rights, the different targets of the main body of rural construction land consolidation, the distribution problems of land income, the traditional ideas of peasants, and the lack of the relevant system.(7) The system innovation and security system of rural construction land consolidationAccording to the main obstacle factors which restrict the rural construction land consolidation, this paper put forward the system innovation. Those mainly include:1) To make certain and perfect rural land property rights system. First of all, we need to figure out the main body of rural land ownership further. In order to avoid a virtual collective land ownership, the author proposed that the rural organization economy cooperation which can represent the interests of most peasants and reflect the peasants'will should be the ownership of the rural land. Based on this we should perfect rural land property rights system, and suggest that the rural construction land should set the rural construction land tenancy rights, rural construction land mortgage rights and the land development rights in addition to exist collective land ownership and land-use right.2) To innovate the system of the right to use the rural residential. The author suggested to implement rural residence "two tracks" parallel use system:one is follow the original "free, indefinitely, without circulation," use system of rural residential, and the other is to implement the new compensation system of using rural residential. At the same time, the author suggested to implement the system of rural residential recovery.3) To innovate land income distribution system:it is including innovative land requisition system, construct a reasonable price assessment of rural housing as well as the rational allocation of land value-added benefits.The main security system including:â‘ To strengthen the impetus of rural construction land consolidation on the development of the agriculture. Suggesting rural construction land consolidation should change rural situation as foothold, promoting agricultural development as center and improving the standard of peasants'living for purpose. It is the only way can get the most rural collective and farmers' support and response to make rural construction land consolidation real benefit "agriculture, countryside and peasants".â‘¡To set up multiple financing mechanism of rural construction land consolidation. Suggesting stabilizing and expanding the government investment source, encouraging collective economic organizations and investment by peasants as well as raising social funds by incentive mechanism.
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