A Study On Agricultural Economic Construction And Efficiency In 20～(th) Century In China

Agricultural economic construction (AEC in brief) is an inseparable whole of lots of essential factors which are mutually related and act on each other. In different periods of development of human history, the factors composing of agricultural economic structure are different, and they also differ in types and amount. The relationships among these basic factors and the constitutional way are different as well, which determines the nature, level and benefit of the agricultural economic development in different periods of history. Studying on the change and efficiency of the agricultural economic construction is of great significance in correctly understanding the influence of different systems on the development of social economy.In 20^th century, the change of AEC has undergone three phases, each having its unique characteristics and thus having gained different systematic achievement. The agricultural improvement in both late Qing dynasty and Republic of China and the land reform around the foundation of PRC did not alter its natural economy features, such as partly private land ownership, the productive organization of individual family, a small but all-round mode of agricultural production and the hovering agricultural technology. Due to greater population but less land, and lack of innovations in agricultural technology, the economy of countryside families was of high-efficiency but poor, and thus blocked the self-optimizing of the economic construction. The socialist transformation of new China brought the planned-economy of AEC new features: tertiary collective land-ownership based on production teams, the mode of production organization . dominated by production teams, the single planting structure taking grain as key link and the distribution mode of equalitarianism. The super-economic compelling measures (carried out by forces) of collective ownership, equalitarianism distribution and collective labor which were unfit for agriculture and restrained the vigor of the development of agriculture economy and the enthusiasm of farmers' production. Thus this led to the low efficiency of agricultural resource distribution. Since The Reform, and in the course of the countryside economic reform, the marketing features in AEC appeared which include the gradually-established land ownership of individual family,...