The Study On The Land Use Change Of Horqin Area In The 20th Century

Under the background of global change, how to sustain and develop the relation between people and nature in harmony has become great subject which the mankind face nowadays. Therefore as one of the main form of expression of relation between people and nature ,the research on land use and its change has been listed into the key field of global change study. In the 20th century which the progress of mankind is the most remarkable and its influence the deepest, the research on land use and land cover has theory value and practice meaning to the typical district most from a century yardstick. China northern agro-pastoral transitional zone, because of its sensitiveness in global change, fragility of ecological environment, transitiveness of natural environment and complexity of relation between people and nature, has caused the great concern of the academia and become the focus of the global change studies. Horqin area as the typical area of agro-pastoral transitional zone , the important component of NECT and the instance of the negative environmental effect resulted from mankind's unreasonable activity, become " ideal place " of numerous fields study. This paper by selecting this typical sample and under the support of statistics analytic approach , historical document law and space analytic approach, carries on deep discussion and analysis on the land use change , its driving factors and feedback mechanism between remarkable environmental effect and land use change of this area in the past 100 years. The main content of this study includes: This paper compared and analyzed relevantly the cultivation of grassland at a century yardstick , by following its space-time course and characteristic , the area of cultivated grassland as the thread , and on the basis of organizing all periods data. Regarding the cultivated land change as breakthrough point , probe into the land use change of the 20th century from all directions. At the same time, focusing on century changes of northern border of agro-farming, probe into the macroscopical course of LUCC change in this area in the past 100 years and the modern forming process of pattern. In conclusion: The rapid increase on cultivated land caused by grassland cultivation and the corresponding sharp decrease on the area of meadow and forest land has become the most remarkable characteristic of land use change In Horqin area in the 20th century. As a result ,its agro-farming north circle go up north obviously, form land use pattern of agro–pastoral transition and humane space pattern of Chinese living together and the cultural interlock of agriculture and animal husbandry, and the coming land desertification, the frequent occurrence of natural calamity mainly droughts and the severe damage to ecological environment system. Discuss the driving forces of land use change of Horqin area in the 20th century in two respects from the nature and humanity. The research result of the typical district meteorological materials conforms with a lot existing achievements. the temperature has the tendency to increase and the precipitation is unstable. Generally speaking, although natural environment is the basic factor in land use change, it does not change much in yardstick of a century, has little influence on land use change. So, have paid attention to probing into such humane factors as population change , policy , economic benefits ,etc. Its result, the policy of land cultivation and pursuit to the economic benefits has become " catalyst "of land use change. Nowadays the land desertification is important environmental problem of northern area of our country, it is also the most remarkable natural landscape change of Horqin area of the 20th century. Through analyzing land usechange and its driving factors of Horqin area in a yardstick of a century ,found that there was close relation between remarkable natural landscape change and the main form of expression of the human activity -the land use. Horqin sandy land is activated and expanded again by the direct result of unreasonable human activity, namely unreasonable cultivation, excessive herding and haphazard firewood, etc. The negative environmental effect caused by unreasonable human activity such as land desertification , vegetation degradation and bio-diversity reduction, reminds us: The mankind as the main aspect of human-nature system and the person of regulation and control of ecosystem should go to take the initiative and rational thinking on the problem how to utilize the land resource effectively and rationally and continuously. Deferring farming for a return to animal husbandry , to the forest in Horqin area and put forward some countermeasures to utilize rationally land resource with the scientific development view, have given us an important answer at present.