| The 21st century is one when science and technology develop very fast, which has a great influence on human-being's progress, so that popular science plays a very important role and becomes a great career that both the government and citizens concentrate their minds on. The study on popular science is the basic mission of popular science. Only when we rationally think of it and scientifically analyze it can we direct practice on popular science effectively. Chinese popular science went through a fluctuant history in the 20th century, which provides us with abundant materials to carry out popular science research.This thesis researches the history of Chinese popular science's development in the 20th century, and emphasizes on the prosperity and decline of its 2 fastigiums. It also gives pertinent suggestion on bases of historical lessons. It is composed by 6 chapters.The 1st chapter is an introduction, which briefly expounds the reason why I chose this topic, defines some essential concepts, concludes and analyzes a present situation of the research all over the world, and fixes on the thesis' structure and research methods.The 2nd chapter coordinates a general situation of popular science's development on the history. Taking popular science's internal developing logic as a theme, it looks back on the history when foreign popular science develops from pre- popular science stage and traditional popular science stage to modern popular science stage, and plots out Chinese popular science' 3 stages, which are an underway stage, a groping stage and a new developing stage. On basis of above, it puts forward and defines 2 fastigiums of Chinese popular science. The 3rd chapter mainly analyzes on the 1st fastigium. It expounds the background and the expressive way of the 1st fastigium which arose in 1950s. It researches the fastigium in political and legal environment, economic environment, social culture environment and scientific and technological environment by citing PEST. Politically, we came to a relatively stable stage after 1949. Our government paid great attention on popular science, considering it as a necessary way to accelerate economic contribution. Meanwhile, so many boffins and citizens joined in this mission that the popular science came to the 1st fastigium. However, it ended because of the Culture Revolution.The 4th chapter analyzes on the 2nd fastigium. The central government came to a new high level of recognizing the science and technology after 1978, thus, a new policy of clerisy was established and a good political atmosphere, which benefits on popular science development, was formed. Besides, while the government's essential mission was transferred to economical construction, the popular science was accelerated by factors as economical development, social desire and economical treatment. Then, the prosperity of education set a good foundation for the development of popular science. Fourthly, the increase in the number of boffins and a fast advance on science and technology contributed to popular science's development intellectively. All these elements above caused the 2nd fastigium. However, during the last 1980s and early 1990s, confusion occurred to man's sense of worth in the period of economy transformation, which made popular science come to a downturn. As a result, the 2nd fastigium declined.The 5th chapter compares the two fastigiums, analyzes on the comparison and puts forward revelation and suggestion. The historical experience shows clearly that politics has a great influence on popular science, economical demand is a vital drive of popular science, social civilization is a foundation of popular science and popular science is an internal demand of science and technology. Nowadays, popular science is developing form "cultural practice" to "social attention". It's necessary for the government to fulfill policies and laws which benefit on popular science' development, so that it can establish a better political and legal environment. On the economical point of view, the society is transformed from industrial society to post-industrial society, so the concept of popular science will change along with it. At present, the particular background of our social civilization appeals to diverse and different service on popular science. In the modern times, science is more and more likely to be not understood, and getting far away from the public. Popular science should commit itself to researching the relationship between science and the public, and obtaining methods to solve the conflicts between the two elements.The 6th chapter is an epilogue. It ulteriorly sums up the thesis' conclusion that to get a science fastigium needs all the elements of politics, economy, culture and science and technology. Anything occurs to any one of the four elements will results in a decline of the fastigium. Now, we are contributing a well-to-do society. We need to promote another fastigium, and we are provided with vital conditions. At the end of the thesis, it puts forward some difficulties we come across in our research and the next step of research in a tentative plan. |
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