Poverty Amid The Plenty

The paper selects 637 countries (cities) with forest coverage higher than 30% from the whole countries of China as rich forest areas. The GDP per capita of different province and the whole country in the rich forest areas were calculated and ranged. The GDP per capita in the rich forest areas is lower than that in general area obviously. The GDP per capita in the rich forest areas of the whole country (5323 Yuan) was 81 percent of the average GDP per capita (6547 Yuan) and the difference was 1224 Yuan, so the conclusion that the economic development in the rich forest areas lagged behind the average level was obtained in this paper.This paper introduced the Environmental Kuznets Curve that was widely used to study the relationship between environment and the economic development, and applied it to study the relationship between the forest resource and economic development and reached a conclusion that the ecological construction of our country entered the stage locked in stalemate that the ecological restoration equal to the destruction.Basing on the GNI, the 159 countries which can obtain the statistical data from 218 countries all over the world were classified to three groups as high income, middle income and low income countries. Four conclusions were reached by the studies of the relationship between the forest resource and economic development, (1) the relationship between the forest coverage rate, stand volume per unit and the GNI per capita in high income countries was positive correlation; (2)in the middle income countries, the relationship between GNI per capita and the forest coverage rate was negative correlation; (3)in low income countries the relationship was positive correlation; (4)in the low income countries, the connection between the forest resource and the economic development was closer than other two groups for the contribution of the forest resource to the economic development becoming weak, and the material product provided by the forest diminishing but the immaterial product becoming more important gradually with the developing of the economy.The 637 countries rich in forest were divided into two groups: the developed countries(90) that GDP per capita in those countries higher than the average level, and the undeveloped countries(547) that GDP per capita in those countries lower than the average level, i.e. the developed countries accounting for 14.13 percent and the undeveloped countries accounting for 85.87 percent in the countries rich in forest resource. Two conclusions were reached by the study of the relationship between the forest coverage rate and GDP per capita in the rich forest areas with the correlation analysis method, (1)in developed countries rich in forest, the correlativity between the forest coverage rate and GDP per capita was negative, though the correlativity was weak; (2)in undeveloped countries rich in forest, the correlativity was positive and was more obvious than that in the developed countries.The basic trends between the forest coverage rate and GDP per capita in rich forest areas were similar in the world and in China, but the correlation coefficient in the world less than that in China that maybe because of the long time planned economy in China.Basing on the time series data, the paper finds that the mode between natural forest and economic development is U-shaped, and the mode between plantation and economic development is S-shaped. Founding on the natural forest and plantation modes, I design the model of the relationship between the forest and economic development in China, and point out the position that China present locates in the curve.The unbalanced characters of economic development in the rich forest areas were demonstrated: (1) the difference in rich forest areas between different provinces was big; (2) the developed rich forest areas and the undeveloped rich forest areas were always coexistence in a province; (3) the gap was great in different rich forest countries. In rich forest areas, there were 191 poverty-stricken counties, accounting for 29.98 percent, higher than the average level (21.09%) in the whole country; from the comparison we can find that the poverty rate in rich forest area was higher than the average level. The correlation coefficient of countries rich in forest resource and the poverty-stricken countries rich in forest resource is R=0.7316; and the correlation coefficient of poverty-stricken countries and the poverty-stricken countries rich in forest resource is R=0.7658. The distribution characteristics of the poverty-stricken countries rich in forest resource are unbalanced and mostly distributing in minority nationality area, mountainous area and remote area.The reasons why the rich forest resource did not bring wealth to the rich forest areas were found. By clustering analyse, the patterns of poverty alleviation were presented according to the regional characteristics. The North-China and central China should establish the exploitation-oriented poverty reduction model depending on the regional advantages that close to the big cities and have a large population; the northwest should establish a poverty reduction model that mainly depended on the leadership of the government, such as carry on the infrastructure construction, the eco-environmental construction and the poverty alleviation program; the southwest and northeast should establish the poverty reduction model that mainly depended on the leadership of the government and the exploitation-oriented poverty reduction model (mainly develop the tourism and ecological industry), and the population migration mode should be applied to the areas that natural environment is too bad to fit the people survival; South-China and southeast should establish the exploitation-oriented and development-oriented poverty reduction model.The chapter 7 was a case study of Hunan province, one of the provinces of China with rich forest resource, the sustainable development model was built and the harmonization status of 88 countries in Hunan province was evaluated by the principal component analysis method and the analytic hierarchy process. In the 88 countries, no country is sustainable development country, 6 countries are rudimental sustainable development countries, and most countries are non-sustainable development countries and rudimental non-sustainable development by the judge of barometer of sustainability.