Study On Production Efficiency And Milk Quality In The Main Dairy Areas

This paper studied the product effiency of different pattern of dairy farms inChinese main dairy areas by the method of investigation which divided the dairyfarms into three kinds of paterns in according to their features,i.e, small scale farmers(family farmers,＜10), middle scale farmers (11～50) and large scale farmers(intensive farmers＞51). Investigation result indicated that the milk quality and theeffiency of different pattern farms are varied with their feeds, feeding, managementand milking way. Overall, large scale farmers were use good feeds or TMR andintensive management, on the other hand, the small scale farmers adopted traditionalmanners in raising the cows with cutted corn stalk and self-made concentrates, andtook extensive management, therefore, they have different returns, the profile of threekinds of farmers gained from average milking cow were 980.7, 1367.2, 1787.6 yuanRNB for small scale farmers, middle scale farmers and large scale farmers,respectively if the milk price were fixed; but the middle scale farmers and large scalefarmers have field depreciation, so the pure interests of the three farmers were 944.2,1184.7 and 1342.3 yuan RNB for small scale farmers, middle scale farmers and largescale farmers, respectively. Considering the milk quality, there was little different inthe fat and protein content, but there is a sharply different in microbe and SCCbetween three pattern of farmers. As a result, the milk quality of large scale farmerswere better than middle scale farmers, in turn, and middle scale farmers were betterthan small scale farmers due to hand milking in a part of small scale farmers andmiddle scale farmers, consequently, the milk price of large scale farmers were higherthan middle scale farmers, and middle scale farmers were higher than small scalefarmers. The profile of three kinds of farmers of average milking cow was 944.2,1734.7, 2542.3 yuan RNB for small scale farmers, middle scale farmers and largescale farmers, respectively, if the milk price were varied with the milk quality. Furtheranalysis indicated that the factor of milk production was heavily affected the smallscale farmers, and the price system was more important for middle scale farmers andlarge scale farmers.Beside the efficency and milk quality of different dairy farms, the body conditionand healthy of three pattern farmers'cows have a significant difference. The cowsbody condition of large scale farmers are better than small scale farmers, and havelittle trouble of diseases, on the other hand, the small scale farmers suffer fromvarious diseases because of bad sanitary condition and extensive management, andthus depress the final efficency and environment improment.Above all, small scale farmers were transitory form of dairy farm in China due toits low efficency and harm on environment, however, middle scale farm and dairycompany were encrouged to develop in the future.This study also analyze a series of factors that affected dairy future development,such as, government policy, farm field, breeding system, management forms, highquality hay and feeds planting, machine equipment, veterinary service system, milkcool and transport chain in countryside, milk sale and processing program, waste dispose, cycling and sustainable development of dairy economy and other connectedaspects, consequently, the paper put forward corresponding propose to the existentproblems and suggestion to dairy development.