Government Transition In The Context Of Revitalization Of Northeast China

(â… )Since Confucius every ambitious and successful scholar dedicated himself in seeking truth(This was used to be called"dao"by traditional Chinese scholars) and put it in practice(namely"yong").Nowadays there still exists such a task for we scholars devoting ourselves to Public Administration research. The"dao"is to explore the law of socialist public administration with Chinese characteristics. The"yong"is to serve for the reform of administrative system, to serve for the further conversion of government function which aims to raise administrative efficiency and revitalize government, to serve for the building of people's government which can stand for the utmost people's foundational interest. This"dao"and"yong"is the direction of our administration research. Administration scholars should be the brains tank for government and play the role as conreference. Therefore, we should think government think, anxious government anxious, and exploy further efforts in those questions which are difficulty and concerned with common people and critical for the whole situation. Besides these, we should also be able to foresee the trends of social development and government management, pay attention to those problerms neglected but may cause incidents someday, that is to say, we should think what government has not think and be anxious with what government has not yet been conscious about.The revitalization of Northeast China is such a question and of substantial importance in theoretical and practice. It's worthwhile for us to study. To revitalize Northeast China is an important task for China throughout the whole period of social transition. (â…¡)Revitalizing Northeast China is a complicated systematic task concerned of economic and social change. The key to revitalize Northeast China is to reform government. As to study government reformation, there are many available approaches. Ecology of Public Administration is a unique analysis framework. Ecology of Public Administration is a discipline which studies administration and its surroundings utilizing ecology theory and method. It mainly studies the effectiveness of those factors such as social culture and historical tradition to administration in a country and also studies the effectiveness of administration to the country's social change and development. There exists an interaction relationship between environment and administration. Governmental administration runs in a certain environment and it must obey the law of administrative ecology. On one hand, administration is connected with social environment and is deeply effected by environment; on the other hand, it should shoulder the mission to reform environment. A famous PA scholar once said,"To study public administration, we must study its ecology at first."Ecology of public administration is a figure of speech, came from Ecology Science. In the area of PA, ecology theory was first proposed by John M.Gaus, a professor of Havard university in America. And then it became popular after the advocation by Fred W.Riggs.Riggs's research effected PA theory greatly and made it become a new systematic discipline. It marked the close of the time study administration merely in its inner system.Ecology of public administration is a riper method and of solid theoretical foundation and strong power in explain. To some extend it complies with Marxism ideas that the world is universally connected and the theory about the relation between economic infrastructure and superstructure. It can give us enlightenment and be absorbed in our socialist administration theory. We should pay attention to study the relation between administration and its surroundings, the relation between economic infrastructure and administration both in theory and practice in order to find the law of administration in order to enhance the effectivity of administrative perform.The discipline base of Ecology of PA is Social System Theory. Its method mainly is structure-function. It inspects public administration from the height of the whole social system and recognizes administration as a part of social system. It reckons that only place administration in the context of society can we realize the real feature of administration and the cause of it. The status of social existing and development lies in the status of administration and other subsystem relatively and the status of the connection of these subsystems whereas the feature of the whole society and other subsystem restrict the status of public administration. Namely, like society, like public administration; and like administration, like society. This is the startingpoint of Ecology of Public Administration. It is the foundational approach of Ecology of Public Administration to understand public administration according to the feature and status of the society, to reform public administration according to the need of the society.The goal of Ecology of Public Administration includes two aspects: one is to probe how the administrative system be reformed and should be reformed with the change of environment. This is called administrative development study. The other is to probe how administration system changes or should change the role and capability structure of itself to promote economic progress and social development actively. This is also called the study of developing administration.Ecology of public administration is an excellent example of the utilizing of Ecology (further speaking, it is System theory) by PA scholars. Compared with the main stream of PA, Ecology of public administration is of the following advantages:â…°)It enlarged the range of PA study by drawing administration scholars look up from the inner of administration system (especially bureau organization ) and starting to pay attention to the outside world and try to understand the relation between administration system and the complicated world.â…±)It provided ripe study method. The structure-function method Ecology of public administration used was advocated by social scholar T.Parsons. Although the method was criticized for its conservatory and destination it is quite useful to the study of public administration in comparatively stable society.â…²)It provided sharp ideas. Ecology of public administration provide us ideas of intecipation and explanation for its solid base of theory and capable method. Riggs'study about the public administration in developing countries explained some paradox and anticipated the trends of the administration in developing countries.Contemperary China is suffering radical social transition. Under the circumstance administration environment changing greatly the relation between government and society will change accordingly in the interaction. As to government, the former function system, managerial mechanism, managerial model and managerial form suitable to plan economic system should be changed and reformed in time. Otherwise, it's difficulty to practice effective management in the transiting society and in the society afterwards.(â…¢)Now the strategy revitalizing Northeast China has been implemented on whole scale. The old base of industry of Northeast China is proceeding in economic structure reform. During the process of converting economic system from planning system to market system the administration environment shall change deeply. The change of administration environment must take effect on the development of government administration. It can be said that the revitalization of Northeast China is the restricting environment which will lead or restrict the transition of local government in Northeast China. Government administration runs in a certain environment and is greatly effected by the environment. There exist various factors effecting administration. Riggs ranked economic element as the first one among them. He reckoned that the administration model of a country is decided by the structure of economy in that country. So, to undertake local government transition in Northeast China we have to learn and understand the administration environment in Northeast China at first, we should learn especially the evolution of Northeast China's economy, the current state and changing trend of its economic structure, its goal and foundation of revitalization, its strategy ideas, and so on. We must learn the existing problem and difficulties, the need and expectation toward government from enterprises, market and society. Only by this can we find the direction for government reform.The old base of industry in Northeast China was the cradle for the industry of People's Republic of China. After the foundation of PR china the state build up in large scale stratagem industry and backbone enterprises centralized in energy sources, raw and processed material and equipment making. All these contributed greatly to the country's independent and integrated industry system and national economy system, and also to the undertaking of reform and open-door and modernization. With the deepening of reform and open, the contradictions of system and structure in Northeast China became increasingly standing out. It encountered many difficulties and problems mainly as the following: low degree in marketization, lack of energy in economic development; singleness in ownership, high proportion of state-owned economy; tardiness in the readjustment of industry structure, aging equipment and technology; enterprises charged with heavy social responsibility, stressing social security and employment; leading industry became withered and urgently need to develop a new continuous one in source-based towns.The old base of industry in Northeast China is abundant in natural resource, holding large amount of storage assets, better industrial foundation, distinct predominance in education and science, numerous technological talents and self-contained infrastructure. It's a region of great potential in gaining fast effect with less investment. Therefore, it will take great advantages in catching up with developed areas. Now our country is stepping toward a new period perfecting market system and building well-off society in whole-scale. To support the old base of industry in speeding up adjustment and reconstruction is of great benefits. It will be benefit in realizing the"quardruple goal"in the gross of national production proposed at the 16th congress of CPC; it will promote harmonious regional development of economy and society; it will push forward the strategic adjustment of state-owned economy structure; it will raise up the international competence of Chinese industry and enterprises. it will safeguard social stability and national defense.Supporting old base of industry in Northeast China is an important task raised by 16th congress of CPC and it is another momentous tactic considering the overall situation of building a society well-off in whole-scale. The Communist central and State Council attached great importance to the reform and development of old bases in Northeast China, and have taken a serial of measurements in pushing the reform of state-owned enterprises, building up social security system, quickening the adjustment of structure. Old base of industry in Northeast China and other areas have explored experience and did groundwork. With a period of remorseless hard work the old base shall be adjusted and recast as the new base of industry with advanced technology, rational structure, perfect function, obvious feature, flexible mechanism and strong competence, and will gradually become as another important region in economic rise.The three provinces in Northeast China have made relevant single plans and plans in collectivity for the revitalization in the base of investigation. All of these programs have been examined and approved in dual form. From these plans, we can learn about the goal and task of the development of economy and society in Northeast China in the future, we can also apperceive the claim and challenge of the renaissance. It can boost up us to serve for it with consciousness and press on with the transformation of government and the upgrade of governmental ability.Overall, the programs of the three provinces are both complete and of particularity, come down to every aspect of the development of economy and society. Just taking economic goal for example, it contains four targets: First, to build up Northeast China as the base of modern equipment manufacturing for China; Second, to build up Northeast China as the base of green agriculture and food for China; The third, to build up Northeast China as the base of petrifaction and oil repertory; the fourth, to build up Northeast China as the base of state foodstuff safety.(IV)To revitalize Northeast China is a kind of economic activity. But it's far beyond this. It's an overall radical adjustment and conversion concerned with economy, politics, society and culture. It's necessary for us to use market as basic tool and mainly rely on market. On the other hand, we can't indulge in the dependence of market and let it alone. We have to bring governments of every level into right play in order to push forward the revitalization. This is vital in the startup and prophase. Making policy and carrying it into execution is the representation of government action. To make needed policies and construct favorable environment for development is the most foundational factor of all kinds of sectors in promoting the revitalization of Northeast China. This will support and safeguard the revitalization. As for the reform of government in Northeast China, the central government put forward as following: further convert the function of government, really detach enterprise from government, cut down the items on the list of administrative examination and approval. Pay more attention to fulfill the function of social management and public service while continue to perform well economic regulation and market supervision. Really convert the point of application of governmental economic management function to serve for various market entities and set up and perfect the surroundings of system, policy and law which is adapted to market economy. This showed clearly the way for government transformation in Northeast China. Namely the transformation from all-powerful administration to limited administration, from controlling administration to service administration. In one word, it is to build up public service government.It's the only way for government transition in Northeast China to orient its role, to adjust administrative relation, to upgrade ability. Government should play well the role as"pilot","guard","judge"and"waiter". It's useful to recognize the differentiation among government, market, enterprise and society in order to make them get along well with each other and realize mutual cooperation and govern together. The emphasis of government ability construction is to strengthen the ability of social adaptation and corruption restriction besides the ability of wealth drawing, social control, social balance, social service and social conformity. The ability of social adaptation means that government be able to adapt to exterior environment change and continuously consummate itself to create and constitute new systems and new policies benefit to social development. The policy system urgently needed for the revitalization of Northeast China includes social security, employment promoting, investment, talents and environment protection. To some extent they consist of the preconditions for the revitalization of Northeast China. Governments at all levels in Northeast China should be seasoned with new circumstance and answer to the new challenges, innovate the content of policy with the combination of the particular status of Northeast china and make good use of policy tool with creativity, bring the guiding and supporting effect of policy into full play, and on the ultimate earth create a nicer policy environment helpful to the process of the revitalization of Northeast China. The ability to restrict corruption implies the ability that government effectively regulate and restrict the behavior of government and officials according to law and suit with the transition of social environment and the inclination of public desire. During recent yeas big cases of corruption took place in Northeast China frequently. How to restrict corruption with effectiveness, how to purify economic environment and how to recover public trust and confidence has been the urgent affairs for the governments in Northeast China.(V)Since 1980s the problems of resource-dependent town in Northeast China became severe increasingly. In some city, economy development was sluggish, living standard of resident fell down, unemployment increased largely, environment worsened increasingly. Sustainable development has been challenged gravely. The phenomenon of so-called"three crisis"(crisis of economy, resource and environment) and"four problems of mine"(mine, mining, mine-town and miner) draw attention of government and scholars at large. The quantity of population, the area of soil and the gross of economy of these towns account for quite large proportion of the three provinces. The difficulty these resource-dependent cities encountered is the miniature of the problems in Northeast China. So, the transition and revitalization of source-based town will be the breakthrough for the revitalization of Northeast China.Mine-town is the worst among resource-drying up towns. Fuxin city, a typical mining town in Liaoning province, encountered various contradictions caused by the drying-up of resource and the reflection of problems is most prominent and severe. It is of great representation in resource-dependent town in Northeast China and countrywide. It was appointed as the only experimental city of economy transition for resource- drying-up towns in December,2001.Its mission is to explore the way out in economic transition for the alike cities in Northeast China and countrywide. The municipal Party Committee and council of Fuxin kept with the principle of market-oriented and mainly rely on market mechanism while bring governmental plan and policy into play as the role of guider and leader. By so they have constructed a nicer environment of development and maintained market order in favor of fair competition for the transition and revitalization. Fuxin city's economic transition was progressed under state recognition and support. The plan aims high and the measures are concrete. Primary fruit has been gained after running several years. Fuxin's experience that setting the goal for transition on mainly developing modern industrializational agriculture relying on the advantage of soil is not always worthwhile to extend considering that its transition was compelled under the circumstance of resource drying up. The most important enlightenment to other source-based towns is to take precautions as the old saying goes:"In fair weather prepare for foul."...