Context Of Sustainable Development, Oil Resources In Strategic Research

Petrol resource is not only a kind of important clean energy, but also a dispensable mineral one to the modern society and human's future. Petroleum and its products have penetrated into every corner of modern society. Being serious short of massive useful natural resource, petroleum shall be related a lot to sustainable development. This article focused on studying Chinese petroleum resources, with the sustainable development background, guiding by Marx's sustainable development idea and modern western sustainable development theory.Although Marx's classic articles haven't mentioned sustainable development theory directly, the theory runs through in his articles from different levels on the usage of natural resource to the mankind society, relationship between human and nature, and man's all round development. It has important instructive significance to study petroleum resource and sustainable development economy. We should clarify those thoughts of which sustainable development economy theory was brought forward only by modern economist and has no relationship with Marx, and Marx had no status and contributions on such area. On the other hand, western sustainable development economy theory has its unique formative course, it resulted from continuous reviewing the traditional economy increase theory, regarding to the relationship between environment and social economy improvement and unionizing the idea of the human's all around development. Marx's sustainable development ideology and modern sustainable development theory are the important instructive idea for us to study on the problems of natural resources, and of course to be the instructive idea for us to research the petroleum resource. Standing in the sustainable development economy to study the petroleum resource, should be the important one in study.As a largest developing country and one of the fastest increasing economy countries in the world, China has massive consumption and huge demand on petroleum resources, which inevitably bring serious threats to China's sustainable development economy. This article studied on China's future petroleum demand by establishing relative mathematics model of Chinese economy increase and petroleum consumption. It is projected that China's future annual oil demand would reach 403～420million tones by 2010, 525～542million tones by 2015, 688～705 million tones by 2020. However, the annual domestic oil supply would maintain a level around 180～200 million tons every year before 2020. It warned that China would more and more rely on oil import, and might reach 70% by 2020. Therefore, the inconsistency between supply and demand of China's future petroleum resource will be full keen-edged; the dependence on petroleum resource outside China will be quite high. We should keep enough guard on it.China economy's sustainable development will not only encounter the worsening supply-demand inconsistency on China's future petroleum resource, but also face the outside challenge from making use of the petroleum resource. With the decreasing petroleum resources, the contest on petroleum resource will be more severe, which could lead to a new war hereinafter. The social conflict or even war on petroleum resource will bring about the petroleum crisis, further to result in economy crisis, making huge damage to China's sustainable development.The fluctuation of international oil price might cause impact on Chinese economy's sustainable development. Lack of matured petroleum exchange market and system, China can only accept the oil price in oil trading formed by foreign oil exchange. The rapid rise of the international oil price could lead the general price level increase too fast, and may cause the fearful inflation, or change the bias of investment and consumption which make the economic structure unbalanced, or increase the industry cost, putting some enterprises into crisis. All those might threat to China economy's sustainable development.Since the world oil exchanges are trading in US dollars and the imbalance distribute global oil resources, there are huge petrol dollars arising from the international financial market. With China's further opening, the flows of international petrol dollar will affect China's economy more and more. On the one hand, petrol dollar offers the chances for china to make use of the foreign capital and export some more projects, service and merchandise; on the other hand, its flow and change maybe also bring troubles to China's economy. By it taking the chance of China's reformation on its financial system and the connection with the international financial market, the potential trouble might bring certain financial risk, affecting China's financial security, and then have negative effect on China economy's sustainable development.Caused by China's massive future demand on oil which relies on outside support, the demand of the seaborne transportation will also be huge. Small scale tanker fleet in China, lack of the strategic cooperation between oil consumption, processing enterprises and oil transport company, less control on sea passage, etc, will make China oil transport system very weak, could even bring about supply mess caused by sudden interruption of the sea passage, then threat China economy's sustainable development.From the point of sustainable development, there are lots of problems in utilizing petroleum resources in China. Chinese petroleum industry faces serious shortage of the resource, as results, sustainable development in petroleum industry is in hard progress. Meanwhile, low centralized oil industry, small scale enterprise, old dated techniques and equipments, all those factors make oil resources low utilizing efficiency, high waste of resources and poor competition in international market.There is some inconsistency between China's current economy structure and oil resource consumption. For a long time, while we set down economy development strategy, we have been concentrating on the economy growth; while establish industry policy, ignoring the coordination between rate and benefit, economy and society, human and nature, now and future, development and sustainable development. Consequently, with oil industry hanging behind of common manufacturing, excessive traditional industry resulting in heavy pollution and high waste of resources, over-developed oil-motored transportation etc, these increase the pressure of oil consumption.High attention must be drawn into the environmental damage in China's exploring and using oil resources. During the exploration, noise, waste water, exhaust gas and solid waste, make heavy pollution to the environments. The direct pollution from oil consumption is in the process of burning. Such waste while burnt gasoline and gas oil includes carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, silicon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and some soot etc. such gas could cause greenhouse effect, make climate warmer, bring acid rain and so on repeated gas pollution. Eventually, environments become worse.Under the outside challenges in China's oil resource utilizing and existing problems, in order to realize China's economy sustainable development, we must stick to the foreseeable, unitary and realistic principles, systematically implementing China's oil strategy.In terms of oil economy, firstly, we should strengthen China's oil enterprises in more large. Although China's current two oil majors reach a certain scale, monopolizing China's oil market to some extent, they only have economy scale instead of scale economy, poor capability in competition with international oil majors. Secondly, build up strategy oil reserve as soon as possible, keeping away potential oil crisis. Thirdly, limit domestic exploration and leave some necessary reserve for China's future. Fourthly, by reasonable layout and developing new type petrol-chemical project, improve the oil resources utilizing efficiency, cut down waste. Fifthly, establish China's oil future exchange and respective market system, powering our comment to international oil price. Lastly, build up our own tanker fleet, strengthening seaborne transport risk control.With regard to the diplomacy, firstly, fully making use of the neighborhood with Russia who has plenty of oil and gas resources, establish the oil-gas strategy association. Secondly, nowadays, China heavily relies on Mid-east oil import. USA often intervene such region and worsening regional security situation, so we should treat with Mideast supply in caution and well prepared for the interruption. Thirdly, Africa has abundant oil reserve, but also has big mutual-complement in economy with China. We should build up strategic cooperation with them. Fourthly, oil resource in China East Sea should belong to China and is very important to China's sustainable development. Because lack of resources Japan tries to snatch such resource, China must treat it seriously. In the meantime, China should attach important to implement energy multi-strategy, by exploration and use of the LNG, speeding up coal-oil transform research and put in use, vigorously exploring Bio-energy, nuclear energy, solar energy, wind power, etc, realizing the substitution of oil, lower the dependence on oil resource.Also, China need to reasonably adjust the industry structure, lessen the oil consumption. China's energy industry distribution has some impertinency. By optimizing space and quality in energy production and energy consumption, we can effectively prevent the drop of oil utilizing efficiency. China's third industry, particularly service industry remain quite lag behind; compared to developed countries, we should mainly develop such industry to slow down the oil consumption. By guiding energy consumption structure, save oil resource directly; by limiting the refinery capacity, developing fine-chemical project, improve the usage of oil resource and lessen the oil consumption as fuel. Guided by the government, develop public transport industry, cut down oil consumption as transport energy.