Research On The Theory Of Necessity-Driven Entrepreneurship Based On Classic Entrepreneurial Models

On the basis of comprehensively summarizing the domestic and international study status, the author studies several classical models of the Entrepreneurship theory such as Timmons' three key elements (commercial opportunity, resource, team) model, Gartner's four key elements (the individual, environment, organization, process) model .etc in order to launch overall research about survival entrepreneurs in theory and in practice , on the research approach it combines together empirical analysis and normative analysis, microscopic analysis and macro analysis, historical analysis and logic analysis ,qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis and adheres to the principles of combining theory and practice together.Based on the perspective of course view it launches research to the process of survival entrepreneurs, from the perspective of entrepreneur cycle at first, it divides enterprises' development into three stages according to the creation course of enterprises. I.e. it divides new undertaking course of enterprises into: first, the stage that establishes new enterprises. This stage means pre-firm stage, it includes the opportunity identification stage and the opportunity development stage; second, enterprises'transition stage. A corresponding one of this stage is the earlier stage of start-up, show more precise with survive, transition stage is also a critical stage in enterprises'creation course, a lot of new enterprises die young at this stage; third, full growth, i.e. after solving the problem of surviving, enterprises enter overall developing stage, at this stage, enterprises should face many new problems because of the expansion of the scale, thus, it is significant for the pioneering enterprises to investigate further in this stage .The author has carried on the detailed survey about entrepreneurial types, because each scholar's research angle and research position is different, the divisions of entrepreneurial types of the scholars are all according to different standards, but the division of entrepreneurial types is really the foundation of the entrepreneurial research, classifying the entrepreneurial types clearly has important realistic meanings on the future pioneering study. Hope to lay the foundation in theory for the research of Entrepreneurship at the same time. According to the needs of the research and the division of GEM report, this text, has divided the entrepreneurial types into survival entrepreneurs and opportunity entrepreneurs, at present the research of survival entrepreneurs and opportunity entrepreneurs has become the hot problem in the research field of Entrepreneurship gradually, according to current study status, the scholars' research about the two types of entrepreneurial activity has not reached very high depth yet. This text has reviewed the source of the concept of survival entrepreneurs and opportunity entrepreneurs at first, and then introduced the definition of the concepts of two types of entrepreneurship in chronological order. Further compared and analyzed the characteristics of two types of entrepreneurship from such angles as survival entrepreneurs and opportunity entrepreneurs'contribution to the economic growth, the motive of entrepreneurship, the barrier faced in entrepreneurship and the entrepreneur's characteristic. Finally compared and analyzed the important factors which influence survival entrepreneurs and opportunity entrepreneurs from the perspective of family, entrepreneur's specialty, system environment etc.By reading the literature abroad,the author has found that the definition of Survival entrepreneurs and opportunity entrepreneurs have been still improved and revised. But for the two types of entrepreneurship, there is only a qualitative division, the quantitative division system which is sounder and mature has not been formatted yet. The comparative analysis of Survival entrepreneurs and opportunity entrepreneurs from scholars is always based on the data in the GEM report, and no more scholars detach the definition from the GEM report. The influencing factors study of the two types of entrepreneurship has been expanded from surface to a deeper level by scholars. The most important thing for the future study by scholars is that we must further reveal the key links and comparatively analyze the formation mechanism of the two types of entrepreneurship.In this article, the anthor regards the survival of entrepreneurial environment as a system. In this system, different environment essential factor to the entrepreneurship influence differently. As for the Survival entrepreneurs, if we want to improve the system function,optimize the structure, we must design the system based on the main factors affecting the characteristics. Based on the investigation to the entrepreneurs, this article conduct an individual ranking for the survival entrepreneursËŠ important elements, and try to construct system of the survival of entrepreneurial environment using TN Methods and mixing Chinese condition. The goal of this article is to study the positive impact to the Entrepreneurial activity, reveal it's factors , and supply an recommendation for our country and government departments to make policy. Meantime it is significant to solute the problem of"three rural issues", re-employment of laid-off staff, and vulnerable groups'survival and development effectively. And it is important to achieve a well-off and a harmonious society.Next, this item study from three areas which are Opportunity Recognition, Resource Integration and Enterprise Growth Management. In studying the Opportunity Recognition, this article mainly focus on studying the impact of strong and weak networking, and have established a conceptual model. In Resource Integration, it constructs a model for new enterprises, divvies this process for four steps which are Resources identify, resources access, resources allocation and resources utilization. It constructs conceptual model to new enterprises'resources access, business performance and entrepreneurial types. And it compares the differences between two types of entrepreneurial resources integration process. In Enterprise Growth Management, first this article analyze the problems of the growth of Survival entrepreneurial enterprises in the process of management, raise the fundamental management question of entrepreneurship and in light of these problems, it Conducts the dissection research one by one, then distinguish entrepreneurial management and traditional function management. Finally, based on the pioneering basic management research, it proposes the entrepreneurial management conceptual model of Survival entrepreneurs which is in the process of growing.At last, this article studies the evaluation of the survival entrepreneurial performance. In the process of entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurs are hope for the success in entrepreneurial activity, but actually, most entrepreneurial activity is failed in the end, especially for the survival-oriented enterprises, which the success rate is more lowly comparing to opportunity entrepreneurs. There are different reasons for their failure, but basically, all these have three problems, they are opportunity, resource and team. And these problems have not been found in time, or have not been properly dealt with promptly, thus led to the failure of entrepreneurial activity. To evaluate the performance in the business process from three major elements which are opportunity, resource and team, this problem can be avoided to a certain extent, through the process performance evaluation of opportunities identify, resources integrated and team-building, made the entrepreneurs are able to discover of the existing problems in the three major elements in time, and take action quickly. But the equilibrium of the performance evaluation for the three major process ensure the coordinated development of entrepreneurial activities from an overall perspective, avoiding the phenomenon of the loss. The entrepreneurs can be better to coordinate and use all of the elements in the process of entrepreneurial activity, and thereby ensure the success of entrepreneurial activities.At last, the article studies and sums up on the problems and countermeasures to be taken in the entrepreneurship.