Study Of Urbanization In The Rural Social Security Issues

The speeding up of the process of urbanization implies that there will be a lot of agricultural population changing into urban population. One necessary requirement is to provide a path to enter the social security system for those who are mainly engaged in non-agricultural industries but live in rural areas. However, due to the non-agricultural population's not participating in the social insurance system, it is hard for them to accumulate the insurance fund. Because of the dual urban and rural social security system, it is difficult for the social insurance to link up. The dual urban and rural social security system actually has broken up changing the rural population into non-agricultural population and urbanization of rural population into two processes, making the two processes can't advance together. It leads to the increase of expected costs of the urbanization of rural population .Although peasant workers from rural areas have stable jobs and sources of income, they would not easily give up their land, which makes them sever relation with their land. Peasants whose land has been expropriated have the opportunity to become non-agricultural population, but they seem not interesting in it. The process of urbanization calls for establishment of social security system. And the establishment and perfection of the social security system in rural areas has a tremendous role in promoting urbanization, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, solving the problems facing agriculture, rural areas and farmers, eliminating social contradictions, maintaining social justice, and constructing a harmonious society.This paper is involved to problems of social security system in rural areas on the base of urbanization. The author also proposed the three theory strongholds, and three important points, and two target mode of the establishment of social security system in rural areas. The three theory strongholds are as follows: First, theory of social justice. Social justice is embodied in the fairness of rights, fairness of opportunity, fairness of rule and fairness of distribution. Fairness of rights ensures that human rights can be protected in every aspect of social life, and puts peoples' rights to survival and right of development above everything else. Fairness of opportunity means everyone in the community will have the same treatment when they want to participate in various socio-economic activities. It requires the same opportunity of survival, development and enjoyment for every member in society. People with the same ability and the same interests expression should be treated the same .It means that people have the equal development opportunity to choose and engage in various economic activities. Fairness of rules (fairness in the process) means it is fair for the participation of community members in the process of economic and social development. Fairness of distribution refers to every worker has right to acquire legitimate interests and enjoy social security. They would not be treated differently in their political status, economic status, and so enjoyment of life because of different quality, knowledge, ability, gender. Fairness of right is the starting point for all activities. Fairness of opportunity, fairness of rules and fairness of distribution would not exist without fairness of right. Fairness of opportunity is a prerequisite for social justice. If the opportunity is not fair, it is difficult to guarantee a fair distribution. Fairness of rules is an important part of social justice, a measure of equity. Fairness of distribution is the central part, the highest level, the realistic embodiment and the end-result of social justice. The second theory stronghold is theory of harmonious society. To build a harmonious society, we must resolve various social problems in reality, and properly eliminate the conflict of interests between the rich and the poor, between employers and employees, between urban and rural areas, and between migrant workers and urban workers. We must avoid social division and social confrontation derived from social conflicts. Social security system is the final resolution of social problems. Function of social security and the pursuits of social justice perfectly fit and embody core values of harmonious society, that is, society which aims to achieve common prosperity, democracy, equality and mutual cooperation. The third theory stronghold is theory of the absence of social rights. This theory comes from theories related to poverty, that is, theories of social deprivation, social exclusion and capability, which are classic civil rights theory. Absence of rights embodies lack of rights, access to social rights. It also means that existing legal rights are not guaranteed and that it is rare to regain the right.There are three substantive contents in the rural social security associated with the process of urbanization, which are problems of social security of peasant workers, landless peasants and the rural population.Migrant workers are farmers, so their social security is inextricably linked with farmers. Migrant workers are workers, so social security is also closely linked with urban workers. Migrant workers are both peasants and workers, so their social security must be different from both rural population and urban workers. Their social security must be unique, for instance, the departure of status and occupation, the dualism of social status, double source of income, so on and so forth. The social security system model which fits these features should be social security system relatively independent, with different levels, low threshold and flexible. Landless peasants are different from migrant workers. They face either choosing a new career or unemployment. They often lose the original residence, the original production mode and lifestyle as well as their land. They are asked to change their lifestyle and production mode to adapt to the new social environment. But they face with great difficulties after loosing their land because of a variety of factors. So, building the social security system for landless peasants should be guided like this: All of the landless peasant farmer should become the object of social security. The region may take different modes as long as the overall objective is the same. The commercial insurance companies should participate in the establishment of social security for landless peasants. We should give prominence to employment and social security. According to the above guidelines, objective model of is as follows: the premise must be to promote the overall social security system; the basic should be the existing social security framework; the focus should be landless peasants who have become non-agricultural population; we should use the practice of regions for reference to quicken establishment of social security system for farmers.The establishment of pure rural population's social security system must meet the basic needs of farmers. So we should establish the social security system on the basic of rural pension insurance, rural medical insurance and minimum security line of living for rural population. Land's endowment function is weakening; traditional families' support function is weakening; the "Five" provide policy hobbled; problem of rural aging is serious. If the majority of the total population of the rural population is excluded from the modern social insurance, the urbanization will be delayed. So it is necessary to establish rural security system. The basic idea of the construction of social endowment insurance system for the agricultural population is to implement compulsively and to cover in the round. The nation, the collectivity and the individual should raise the pension insurance fund together, and nation takes the high ratio. We should acknowledge the differences between urban and rural areas; our goal is low level, wide coverage and to meet the basic needs of local farmers. And the amount of pension should be used as a standard design fee amount. The system is to be implemented not only in the form of social policies but also in the form of law. The rural medical insurance is a benefit to millions of households, and is an important social security system. As a basic right of rural residents, it should cover the entire rural population and be implemented compulsively. The working point of the construction of minimum subsistence guarantee system for agricultural population is to determine who should be given the minimum life insurance, to define the basic life standards, to improve the mechanisms of raising fund and to accelerate the building of the legal system.The objective model and the transition mode of urbanization are to establish a rural security system responding to the dynamic process of urbanization. We should give attention to both need and probability. The security should be implemented with low level and wide coverage, with classification and focus, with the uniformity and flexibility and with the coordination of static state and dynamic state. The objective model is to cover all citizens to provide the basic security for all members of society and to realize the integration of the urban and rural areas. China's social security system will eventually link up in both urban and rural areas; one-dimension social security system will finally replace dual social security system. The transitional model is to establish a system, to create a platform, to build two plates, to form three steps.