Study Of Russia's Economic Transition And Economic Development Issues

To be an inheritor, Russia had hardly to switch their national system after the breaking-up of the Soviet Union, steped into a different economic course from planned economy system of the Soviet Union, economy develop to a new degree. The Russian economic Transition had experienced a wind course, focused on the attention of the whole world people. This is not only because Russia is the inheritor of planned economy birthplace, Soviet Union, but also Russia has experienced Fierce Political crisis and Continuous economic crisis, and Comprehensive national strength decline. It can be said that, Russia had paid the rice and spended time in establishing market economy system than any Historical period of Russian. After more than 10 years, Russia have basically established market economy system. To be one of the biggest Transition countries, Russia's Economic Transition have Great representation in the process of countries which changes their economic system from planned economy to the market economy. The Russian economy Transition has deeply influence to Russia's economical growth and development, it has Important theoretical value and Practical Significance to research its Actual results and Dynamic Change. It is a lesson and Experience to China and all the countries who changes their economic system from planned economy to the market economy.There are about 30% countries in Europe and Asia, which the total population is 1/3 of world total population. The whole world have Attach great importance to the unprecedented Economic Transition. Economic Transition research is now a hot topic. It is a new subject to research and analyse the question of Russian economy Transition and it is an important content of "the Transition Economics" or calls "the transition Economics". Because Every country has their Different Stance in research Russian economy Transition, so their view is Different.The paper is arranged as follows: In the Introduction of the paper, through to review and introduce the Russian Economic Transition question, point out the reason and the significance why slelect this topic, sketchil the logical system and the structure arrangement of this paper.In the first part of the paper is theory chapter. First introduced the economical development meaning and the goal, then compare with the growth of economy, pointed out the relations of economical development and the economical growth. The economical growth is stresses the quantity and is small in connotation, but the economical development connotation is big. It both contains quantity and quality. The economical development and the economical growth must be a pair of contradictory entity: Economical growth is the foundation and premise of Economical development, meanwhile Economical development is the result of Economical growth and promotes economy grow. The following elaborated the economical development four kind of measures target: GDP (GNP) measure, Lorenz curve and Gini's coefficient, impoverished degree target and comprehensive development target. Finally introduced the economical development basic conditionas well as the economical development barrier.In the second part of the paper, First reviewed the traditional system the Soviet each time system of ownership structure and its the characteristic; Next through analyzes the Russian privatization advancement, analyzed the small privatization, the negotiable securities privatization and the cash privatization various stages achievement and the existence question, and has carried on the comprehensive synthesis appraisal to the entire privatization process; Finally has discussed the Russian system of ownership and the property right system transforms to the economical development promoter action.In part three, first establish two levels of banks systems as the goal reform evolution process, the Russia Central Bank's independent status and the function transforms, pointed out that, along with the Russia Central Bank function and the macroeconomic regulation and control way transformation, the original high degree of concentration fund assignment relations has substituted in the suitable degree by the market relations, the bank transforms from this the front similar administrative organ into the enterprise legal person which assumes responsibility for own profits and losses, originally that part of function which completes by the budget correspondingly changed to the commercial bank, has formed the evident competition situation; Next described the Russia money market reform and the development condition with emphasis, has carried on the structure analysis to Russia's money market, to Russia's money market, the stock market, the foreign exchange market and insured the market respective function to make the preliminary analysis; The final summary has analyzed the Russia monetary system reform result, and has discussed the Russia monetary system reform in this foundation to the economical development influence.In part four, first has carried on the summary to the Russian budget federal system pattern main body frame and the legal foundation, and from the central committee and the place intergovernmental finance relations reform advancement, the governance and the property rights division as well as the shift payment system three aspects embarks, analyzes the Russian finance organizational reform; Next reorganized the Russian tax system gradual vicissitude process, exhaustively analyzed on January 1, 2001 to start to become effective "Tax Statute book" the second part mainly Taxes, mainly involved the new increment duty, the excise tax, the natural person receives tax and the unification society tax four is big Taxes, pointed out Russia take simplified the tax system, the reduction Taxes, the decline tax rate, reduces the tax burden, the cancellation preferential benefit as the main content tax system reform, Simultaneously auxiliary implements "reduces the tax rate (tax burden), the expanded tax base, strengthens the collection" tax policy, not only has not reduced national the tax revenue income, instead enable the tax revenue condition to have has a new look, and has carried on the evaluation in this foundation to the Russian tax system reform; Finally from the tax policy regarding the macroscopic economical management, the tax revenue income accounted for the GDP proportion as well as the tax system structure has discussed the Russian finance and taxation organizational reform and the economical development relations to the economical development influence angle.In part five, first described the Russia participates in the global division of labor cooperation in under the economical globalization swift and violent development big background under the situation to implement the foreign trade liberalization policy the process, mainly inspected in the Russian trade liberalization process the foreign trade organizational reform and the adjustment basic content form 1980s, Next has induced the Russian foreign trade organizational reform achievements from the overall, pointed out Russian foreign trade continuously many years maintenance grows the tendency and the large amount favorable balance, become in the national economy the only luminescent spot, and has provided the massive foreign exchange earnings for the state treasury; Finally, has initially discussed the Russian foreign trade organizational reform and the economical development relations.In part six, first combed the Russia distribution system present situation, points out the Russia distribution system the characteristic and the existence question: The inhabitant cash income structure changes; The income disparity enlarges, society polarization; Lives of the people pauperization; The social questionis serious; Next minute stage inspected the Russia social security organizational reform advancement, pointed out in to the market economy transition in, the Russia social security system reform has the nature which the pattern transforms. On the safeguard object, by generally safeguards the system to the choice safeguard system transition; Is paying in principle, by profits the datum system to pay the system to the mix and to pay for the datum system transition; In the fund collection, by presently takes cash pays the system to the complete fund system and the partial funds system transition. Take this as the foundation, further is clear about the Russia social security pattern the choice and the reform basic direction, from pension system, unemployment relief system, medical safeguard system, social security and rescue system as well as the implementation unification society tax aspect specifically studied and has analyzed Russia's social security organizational reform; Finally to of pension system in Russia social security system main systems vicissitude has done concretely and exhaustively analyzes, simultaneously also draws the conclusion: Russia's old-age insurance reform is facing more difficult positions as well as existence very many questions.In part seven, first traced the Russian Transition former Soviet Union's economic structure characteristic and the malpractice, the main performance highly militarizes for the national economy; In the industrial structure agriculture, is light, the heavy proportion seriously is out of balance; Emerging high-techindustry development slow, the traditional industry still occupies the dominant position, service industry output value proportion is low; The economic structure is in the capital, the resources crowded stage; Since next separately has studied and has analyzed the Yeltsin time economic structure adjustment measure and Putin is in power the Russia industrial structure adjustment industry and the agricultural policy; Finally discussed the Russia economic structure to be serious unbalancedly the restriction function which grew to the economy, proposed the Russian government alleviated the constitutive economic problem the main countermeasure.Finally is the full text conclusion.The present paper research utilizes the Marxism basic principle, the basic standpoint, the viewpoint and the method, inspects and studies the Russian more than ten for years reform advancement. The author tries hard to exhaust the possible new material and the new angle of view analyzes the question, in line with realistic manner explanation question essence. This article innovation spot has the following two aspects: First, in research angle of view innovation. The new question requests us to have to have a broader field of vision to conduct the research. This article tries hard from the development economic theory and the method conducts the attempt research and the inspection to the Russian long Transition process, specially studies the Russia economic system vicissitude question. In the concrete research, this article analyzes the Russian Economic Transition take the economical development as the angle of view, pointed out in the Russian economical domain the main reform existence question as well as and restricts the function to the Russian economy development promoter action, thus establishes to observe the Russian Economic Transition the new angle of view. Second, in research content innovation. This article analyzes the Russian Economic Transition from the economical development angle of view, in the Russian economical domain main reform content, like the system of ownership, the monetary system, the finance and taxation system, the foreign trade system, the social security system and the readjustment of the economic structure has carried on the macroscopic analysis, this to studies the question which current and the future Russia economy rewill rise with the observation to have the vital significance without doubt.