Regional Innovation Perspective Our Government - Industry - University Relations

According to the traditional theory, the main body of innovation is industry. However, the process of innovation is dominated by the government and industry, university provide the education functions only. Under the knowledge-economy situation, knowledge becomes more and more important part of innovation activities. As institutions of the knowledge creating and spreading, university, especially those research-based university, play more important in regional innovation system. The soul of knowledge-economy is innovation. So, the era of knowledge-economy is the era of innovation. The government should provide necessary supports and nice environment for the innovation system. Industry should bond closely to those university and cooperate intensively. As the main factor of innovation, research-based university provide necessary human resource for industry and act as the hotbed for the New Technology Based Firms. The three main subjects of innovation, government, industry and university, danced separately before. However, they are bonded more and more closely together by the different steps of setting up those policies of encouraging innovation. Besides those existed relationships, those innovation subjects begin to switch roles. So, under the knowledge-economy context, government, university and industry have the equal importance and status in the system of regional innovation. These three parts should bond and cooperate more intensively and contribute more to the construction of regional innovation system. Based on those above reasons, applying with the Triple-Helix theory, this dissertation tries to study the relationships among the government, firms and university from the angle of regional innovation.The regional innovation system is a normative and descriptive approach that aims to capture how technological development takes place within a territory. The approach has been widely adopted to underline the importance of regions as modes of economic and technological organization, and to reflect on the policies and measures aimed at increasing the innovative capacity of all kinds of regions.It is generally conceded that the innovative performance of regions is improved when firms are encouraged to become better innovators by interacting both with various support organizations and firms within their region. In this sense, the institutional characteristics of the region, its knowledge infrastructures and knowledge transfer systems, as well the individual strategy and performance of firms, can represent important basic conditions and stimuli in promoting innovation activities. However, the diverse variety of regional innovation system types creates a significant degree of 'definition confusion' and empirical validation issues, making it difficult for researchers and policy makers alike to envisage what a regional innovation system is, or should be. The approach thus suffers from the absence of a unified conceptual framework from which a universal, albeit very broad, model may emerge to guide research and policy. An emphasis on localized learning and the existence of untraded interdependencies is simply not sufficient for understanding the scale at which regional innovation system can be deemed to function, studied, or 'engineered'. There is far too much emphasis on 'local' institutional landscape without a satisfactory breakdown of what the institutions are or how they interact in different system, at different scales, or at different levels of inter-relation. Regional institutions and institutional arrangements as factors that generate appropriate forms and practices to enhance regional innovation potential can and, we argue, should be identified and categorized according to levels, scales, and systems. Accounting for institutions in the manner suggested in this paper will require adopting a multi-dimensional perspective that will yield comparable findings from studying a diverse range of regions with important implications for policy development and implementation as well as further research.The research and development of the Triple-Helix model, which based on our country's "government-industry-university" context, will contribute to the regional knowledge innovation and industry' escalations. Innovation has obvious regional features and conditions. Innovations have apparent differences among different regions. Innovation role indicates some knowledge must be existed in a certain region. This knowledge mainly comes from the government, university and industry. It can be created among the region or overflow from the related regions. Based Triple-Helix model, knowing the contributions of different knowledge types and sources will be valuable to the disposition and adjustment of knowledge resources, especially in the field of enforcing the regional initiative and coordinating regional developments.This dissertation, based on literature review and applied with our country's context, try to set up the helix model among the government, university and industry. Some relationships among theses three factors are analyzed by demonstration. On the background of government, university and industry acting as the main factors of innovation, there are certain dilemmas. So, this dissertation comes to these following conclusions: (1) Government-industry-university Triple-Helix model is an innovation. This model deals with the different mutual beneficial relationships according to different system-arrangement stage among the process of knowledge-capitalization. The first feature of the model is the essence of each helix transformation; the second feature of this model is the inter-impact among these triple helixes; the third feature is the triple network and the re-superposition generated from the interaction among these triple dimensions. The main aim of this is to apply new ideas and system arrangements in dealing with the development of high-tech industry. Triple-Helix model indicates the government, university and industry are even and mutual dependent. They are superposed and shoulder other roles among the system. Government and university, university and industry, government and industry' bilateral relationships have been developed into trinity relationship. This relationship displays obviously among the regional scale.At the same time, the Triple-Helix model provides this dissertation an experience program. Different theories' contributions can be proved in related sub-systems. The viewpoint of superposition enriches the construction of Triple-Helix model. As far as now, those settlements to the new-found connection parts are practical to innovation practices. The system escalation looks forward to change the innovation system created by the government, university and industry. The premise is they were given the knowledge-economic capitulations.(2) Applied with the model, this dissertation analyzed the sources of knowledge on the regional innovation. The conclusion is that there are variations among our country's regional innovation. From the view of statistics, the main body of innovation is government-dominated. However, governments cannot input enough resources into each region. This needs those regions expanding the R&D resources range. The government-dominated innovation should transform to the venture-dominated innovation, for it is the high-effective innovation. Take a new view of university, especially under the circumstances of public-education era. University should consider the question of balancing its functions among the education, research and social service.(3) Regional innovation system is disassociated. It lacks of interfaces and cooperation mechanism between innovation input and the industry' needs. It also lacks of the conditions between the regional innovation participants cooperation and efficiency improvement. All these shortages can fill the gap of differences and avoid repetitions. Regional government plays a role as the activator in intensifying the relationships and regional learning among government, university and industry. This role should be legal in politics and arranged by the economic forces. Arranging those participants' (industry, technique centers, university and business service providers) connections systematically can match the industry' innovation needs and knowledge supply. How to seeking for different participants, policies and sub-systems efficiency-improvements and mutual-supplements. These two factors are the central issues in improving the regional innovation system.(4) The researches on regional innovation system can provide much information and knowledge. However, there are many blank points on the policy setting scale. The researchers should take the priorities of innovation policies. Besides, more and more distributed knowledge production pattern makes the frequencies of interactions between government, university, industry and researches increases. However, those researches on regional innovations have not provided effective knowledge guidance between the government and industry among this system.