Research On China's Agricultural Science And Technology Innovation Management System

China is a large agricultural country with a population of 1.3 billion, as a basis for the national economy, the development of agriculture has not only directly affected the economic interests of farmers who is the vast majority of the population, but also is related to the good development of the overall national economy. To this end, deriving from the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, "Three Rural Issues" become the problem governments at all levels have to solve. How to promote agricultural development, improve agricultural efficiency and increase the income of farmers and rural economic prosperity inevitably become the major issues the community must face and resolve. Under the guidance of the basic ideas "science and technology are the primary productive forces", only by strengthening scientific and technological innovation and relying on scientific and technological advancement can China eventually solve these problems smoothly, but how to promote technological innovation in agriculture is a difficult issue researchers and policy makers have to study.Based on the logical framework, this paper issues a more systematic study on China's independent innovation in agricultural science and technology management system in 9 parts. Part 1 is introduction, which mainly expounds the research background, purposes and meanings, basic framework and research methods. Part 2 is the theoretical basis for the analysis of the paper. This part expounds two institutional change ways, namely, mandatory system changes and induced institutional changes, at the same time, for the convenience to analyze in the main body, this paper also reviewed and sorted out the theory and foreshadowing for original innovation, integrated innovation and digestion and absorption innovation. Part 3 is the analysis on China's independent innovation in agricultural science and technology policies for more than 50 years, from which we can get the conclusion that "China's agricultural scientific and technological innovation system changes in a mandatory ways". Part 4 and 5 is the analysis on the the status quo, problems and the solutions of the original innovation under government-led technology innovation policies. In recent years, the Chinese government actively promotes the development of original innovation, but the level is far from being optimistic compared with the developed countries. Given the speed of improving original innovation largely depends on original innovation management system, designing a good original management system is the key factor. This paper identifies the factors influencing original innovative ability levels by ways of input-output analysis on relevant factors, and then analyzes the achievements and problms of agricultural science and technology innovation, based on the analysis, this part suggests original innovation management policies that are suited to China's national conditions. Part 6 is the analysis on the the integrated innovation under government-led technology innovation policies. Based on the analysis of innovative ability of agricultural enterprises which is the main body of integrated innovation and the international competitiveness of agricultural products, we conclude that integrated technology innovation capability in China's agricultural enterprises are seriously low. In order to better identify internal reasons resulted in agricultural enterprise low integrated innovation ability, the author of the paper carried out an investigation and did some empirical research on innovative agricultural enterprises in Wuhan City and to identify the obstacles to agricultural enterprises, based on the analysis, this part suggests integrated innovative development ideas, objectives and countermeasures to the agricultural enterprises. Part 7 is the analysis on digestion and absorption innovation under government-led technology innovation policies. This part mainly introduces science and technology digestion and absorption policies at the government level, the effectiveness of policies implementation. This paper analyzes the gap between China's agricultural technology and developed countries and the existing problems and shortcomings using orderly Probit Model, which provides policy information for improving digestion and absorption capabilities. Part 8 is the analysis on management system problems in agricultural science and technology under government-led technology innovation policies. Based on the analysis of part 1 to part 8, part 9 suggests that combining science and technology management system is suitable for improving the management system in China's current conditions.The main innovation of this paper are in three aspects:The first is to suggest "building the credibility and restraint mechanisms in agricultural science and technology evaluation." Based on the analysis of acts of anomie by cost--gains theory, we conclude that the the defect of established institutional arrangements is the main reason. Therefore, building the credibility and restraint mechanisms in agricultural science and technology evaluation mechanism plays an important role in regulating the act.The second is to put forward "the time and interval distance gap in agricultural science and technology between China and the developed countries." Using the orderly Probit Model and related survey information, this paper makes a quantitative analysis between China's agricultural technology gap and the developed countries. This analysis has a great reference value for further strengthening China's agricultural technology digestion and absorption innovation.The third is to put forward the point of view "the agricultural science and technology system changes should be varied from mandatory system changes to the direction of combining the mandatory system changes and induced institutional changes". Based on the analysis of past changing routes of the science and technology system and the judge on inner drive in technological changes under the future market-oriented changes, we conclude that combining the government's macro-economic objectives with the main goal of the micro-integration will become an important part in agricultural science and technology. Therefore, in the direction of the design of the system, we must combine "mandatory system changes with induced institutional changes." This reform plays an important guiding role for determining China's agricultural technology management system.