Theoretical Analysis And Empirical Study On The Subject Behaviors Of Circular Agriculture

With the fast development of economy and durative increase of population, the agricultural production model had turned from the low level traditional mode to "petrochemical agriculture", whose character is "high exploitation, low utilization, and high discharge". On one hand, this kind of agricultural increasing model for which the cost is consumption of resources accelerated agricultural development; On the other hand, it also consumed the nature resource and deteriorated agricultural environment. It is urgent for us to transfer agricultural increasing model and develop circular agriculture through resource saving and environmental protection. This paper analyses the subject behaviors and their influence factors of peasant household, agricultural company, government, and rural intermediary organization of different circular agricultural developing model in different areas, and seeks the developing model and rules of circular agriculture, and provides beneficial reference and the suggestion for the theoretical research and practice of circular agriculture.The paper is based on fieldwork on circular agriculture. And the research range includes four provincial eco-agricultural demonstration counties of Xuanen (mountainous region), Xiantao (plain), Jiangxia (suburbs), Xinzhou (suburbs) in Hubei; two national eco-agricultural demonstration counties of Honghu (lake district) and Jingshan (knap) in Hubei; and Lixian in Hunan. Plentiful of first-hand data were got by expert interview, agricultural company discussion (7 questionnaires), village officer visit (2Svillage questionnaires), and farmer investigation (515 questionnaires). And these data and information formed the basic content and viewpoints of the paper through theoretical analysis and research.The paper included eight chapters. Main research content had four parts. Firstly, theory support system of circular agriculture had been studied, which included endogenesis and industry linkage mechanism of circular agriculture, relation of agro-industry model and circular agriculture, participating mechanism of participating subjects, mutual harmony mechanism of each subject. Secondly, the paper analyzed the subject behaviors of circular agriculture, which included the driving and restricting factors of peasant household, company and rural intermediary organization, the necessity of government instructing circular agriculture development, the conduct analysis of government in circular agriculture, the estimating of peasant household to government conduct. Besides, the successful experience and emerged shortage had been anatomized in the development of circular agriculture by demonstration analysis. Thirdly, the paper analyzed the interrelation of each subject in developing circular agriculture, namely the game relations of peasant household, agricultural company, government, and rural intermediary organization. By using Stochastic Frontier Production Function Model (Translog model), factor analysis, and the method of OLS, the paper set up an "exogenous determinant regression model of peasant household technique efficiency in circular agriculture", anatomized the various exogenous influence factors to peasant household technique efficiency, discussed how to establish the long-effective benefit mechanism in each subject, and to promote the healthy development of circular. Lastly, the paper brought forward the approach and countermeasure of developing circular agriculture. Research results were as follows:(1) Developing circular agriculture was propitious to improving the economic and environmental benefit of peasant household, to increasing the overall competitive power of company, and to establish outstanding company visualize. Circular agriculture development was needed to proceed with agriculture industrialization. At present, developing circular agriculture of peasant household and company were devoid of effective benefit-leading mechanism, because of lacking of relative production technology of circular agriculture, high production cost, low peasant household systematization degree, low market price superiority, limited company scale and founds of circular agriculture produce.(2) Using "influence factor structure equation model of output benefit in circular agriculture", measure result was that the benefit of circular agriculture was influenced by peasant household devotion conduct directly. As participating subject, population, labour force, and the character of peasant household, such as age, educated time, farming time, social experience, all would influence agricultural devotion and output through various peasant-household's conduct like decision-making, investment, risk elusion, and influence the practice and effect of circular agriculture development sequentially. Meanwhile, exterior surroundings, such as market price, product market channel, local plant-breed condition and technology level, government policy, influenced and restricted the development of circular agriculture directly or indirectly.(3) Logistic Regress Model was used to analyze the will and influence factors of peasant household participating in circular agriculture program in various regions. Result indicated that circular agriculture program, as a new business, awaited in-depth extend in rural. And the program was accepted easier in non-traditional agricultural regions than in traditional regions. Sample is the peasant household in Honghu and Xinzhou accepted circular agricultural easier than the one in Xuanen and Xiantao. Meanwhile, in the regions possessed higher agro-specialization level, peasant household had participating in circular agriculture more fervency, because peasant household income and employment had close relation to agriculture. In addition, government encouragement had remarkable infection to peasant household's positivity.(4) The key cut-in point of driving circular agriculture developing was industry chain extending and industry driving. The immanent motivity driving company taking part in circular agriculture included: developing target and moral responsibility of company itself, and so on. Exterior motivity included technology impetus, government dominance, requirement pull-power and competition driving-force. All of those factors composed the inside and outside surroundings. At present, changing outside surrounding was the most important impetus in promoting company changing environment governance. Therefore, on one hand, company moral responsibility should be improved; on the other hand, different kinds of environment policy should be actualized to influence the strategical conduct of company participating in circular agriculture directly. Furthermore, some reasons, like related system scarcity, science and technology research of circular economy hysteresis, fund lack, and other participating subjects ateliosis, also made the impetus deficiency gravely of company participating in circular agriculture.(5) It is necessary to depend on the rural intermediary organization to develop circular agriculture in the condition of small produce scale, dispersive manage, absent service function of agricultural technology department. Rural intermediary organization could reduce produce cost by stocking capital goods collectively, ensure farm produce price by selling unitedly, improve peasant-household's systematization level and give voice to them effectively by coupling single strength, and provide necessary technology support by offering different kinds of technology instruction. At the present time, inside factor of restricting rural intermediary organization participating in circular agriculture development were the organization function non-criterion, expanding fund lack, and manage system laggard. And the outside factor were inadequate induct and support of government, low participating rate, incompact touch with company operation.(6) It was necessary that government intervened in circular agriculture for "market malfunction" and economy character of circular agriculture. Survey showed that our government had many problems in providing country public facilities, building well market surrounding. And government didn't provide advantage condition for the correlative subjects like peasant household and company participating in circular agriculture. Meanwhile, as participating subject, the decision-making of government in circular agriculture also influenced by many factors. Some local government could not make both ends meets, which restricted government carrying on their work. In addition, there were other aspects, like basic-level government tripping over by superior department, diathesis of basic-level officer being low, pursuing achievements in one's official career unilaterally also influencing local government conduct.(7) Establish exogenous determinant model in peasant household technique efficiency by using stochastic frontier production function and factor analysis method. Research results indicated that government, association and company all influenced peasant household technique efficiency. Triangular interactive effect influenced peasant household technique efficiency most profoundly, and association influenced that most directly. Parameter estimated value of government in the three businesses was least, but the indirect influence of government was biggest, especially in impelling agriculture industrialization, supporting the development of agricultural flagship company, and promoting the growth of agricultural specialty technology organization.(8) Aimed at the problems and shortages in circular agricultural development and combined essence national condition, the paper put forward a series of countermeasures and suggestions of role definition (government leading, company participating, peasant household as subject, intermediary organization assisting), cultivating new subjects, perfecting the market service system and information ensure system, establishing the stimulant system and law system of circular agriculture, building long-acting development mechanism of "quaternity" of circular agriculture in China.There were probably some innovations in the paper. Firstly, the paper defined the four subjects of developing circular agriculture (peasant household, company, rural intermediary organization and government) demonstrably, established the theory analysis framework of correlation subject decision-making behavior in circular agriculture in China for the first time from the point of subject behavior itself and the inherent mechanism of circular agriculture development, and the research angle may be an innovation. Secondly, the paper set up "influence factor model of output benefit in circular agriculture" using structure equation model according to the peasant household field investigation data. The paper also measured the peasant household technique efficiency, the influence factor of government, company, rural intermediary organization, and the character factor of peasant household in six investigation region, by using stochastic frontier production function, factor analysis and OLS method. At the same time, the paper set up "exogenous determinant regression model of peasant household technique efficiency in circular agriculture" with the independent variable being each influence factor and the induced variable being peasant household technique efficiency. This may be an innovation in method.