A Study On The Ethical Problems Of Agriculture In China

Agriculture is the basic of national economy and San-nong problems are always momentous one that CCP and our nation attach importance to. Since the reform and opening of China, because of the great changes of agricultural policies, rural economics has developed rapidly, the producing and business of farm produce have really been flourishing, and rural condition and farmer living have greatly improved. However, agriculture and the producing and business of farm produce have also brought a series of problems, such as the risk of biological technology, the misuse of pesticide, the overmuch of fertilizer, the poisoned rice accident, the monopolization of agricultural technology, the discrimination in business of farm produce, the farmer's status in society, economy and system, the utilize of agriculture resources, and so on. These problems are not only economical, administrant and ecological ones, but even ethical ones. They will produce some important effects on our country food security, the countryside and the agricultural sustainable development, the agriculture environmental protection and the agriculture resource management as well as the balance between these goals. Therefore, we should solve these problems through our introspection and actions.The article has tried to use some analysis tools of the general standard ethics, the economical ethics and the ecological ethics to study and solve these problems. First, it has overall analyzed the ethical connotation of the agriculture questions in our country on the foundation of explaining the modern agriculture substantive characteristics. Next, it has discussed the ethical questions in agricultural policies of our country and produced some solutions from the angle of historical and the system ethics; it has studied the agriculture environmental protection and the sustainable use of agricultural resources from the angle of ecological ethics; it has discussed the ethical problems in the process of agricultural product production and transaction through analyzing the ethical role and party interested of farm produce and from the angle of business ethics, and has studied on the construction of the ethical strategy of agricultural product production and transaction. Finally, it has proposed the preliminary idea on the more equitable ethical agricultural system of our country.The following are the main points of the thesis:1. The ethical problems of agriculture have two meanings: the first is ethical phenomenon which appears in the agricultural domain, including the food security, the agricultural resources ethics, the production and transaction ethics of agricultural product, agricultural technology ethics and agricultural policy ethics and so on; the second is the sum total of the values, ethical standards and moral consciousnesses which adjust the above problems. Studying these ethical problems will have the important theory and practice significance for the healthy development of agriculture, continual enhancement of farmers and the countryside civilization and prosperity.2. The Chinese agricultural problems should be the ethical problems. Firstly, the agriculture is one culture. It has the cultural nature, It is the important social ethical responsibility to protect the traditional agricultural civilization; secondly, the primary purpose of agriculture is to avoid the hunger and the malnutrition and to enhance humanity's healthy standard; Thirdly, the current hot spots of agriculture is also containing ethical nature; Fourthly, the produce and management of Chinese agriculture are playing the social welfare role of the farmers or the countryside in fact.3. In our country, the ethical problem of San-nong policy is the result of neglecting the farmer's basic rights and freedoms, and is the result of the interest conflicts of policymakers and executants. In order to solve the problem, the thesis propose the following suggestions: (1) To enhance the ethical level of San-nong policymakers and executants; to set up the proper ethical values of policy; to understand profoundly agricultural status and farmer's right; to enhance the ethical responsibility and consciousness of San-nong policymakers and executants; to form the ethical value system of San-nong policy which take humanism and justness as the core. (2)To make the process of San-nong policymaking more ethical; To enhance the expectation for the development of San-nong; To make San-nong policy more public, more democratic, and more open by encouraging the farmer to take part in the policymaking and strengthening information management of the policy; To establish the mechanism to conform the benefit of all parts in the process of San-nong policy implementation. (3) To enable the farmer of China to enjoy the equal national treatment. (4) To establish the property right system of rural land that is more just and more suitable to our country national condition.4. Along with the development of modern agriculture, the pressure of agricultural environment and resources in our country is more and more big. We should renewedly cognize the ethical value of the agricultural environment and resources. On this foundation, we have proposed the ethical principle and the behavior standards of agricultural environmental protection and the sustainable use of agricultural resources in our country. The ethical principles include: the intercommunity of resource, the ecology protection, the social justness, the hierarchical responsibility, the emphasis of economical development, the development on technology. The main ethical behavior standards are as follows: respecting the nature, the moderate development, protecting the environment, the cleanly production and the green consumption.5. On the foundation of expatiating on the ethical meaning of the agricultural production and transaction, the thesis has analyzed the immoral phenomenon and the immoral responsibility of all parties interested that is related to the agricultural production and transaction, has proposed the ethical principles of agricultural production and transaction, and has constructed the ethical strategy of agricultural production and transaction.6. In China, the more just and more ethical system of agriculture should be constructed. The agricultural system should achieve these following goals: enhancing the welfare of all the people, protecting agriculture environment, maintaining the justness of countryside. The agricultural system should be composed of the following systems which are more just and more ethical: the value system, the production system, the transaction system, the organization system and the support system. The agricultural system should also establish the more just and more ethical mechanism of policy-making, policy-executing and evaluation.