| Cluster is not a new social, economic phenomenon. Looking from the process of regional economic development, it is an old and universal phenomenon that appeared gradually in the process of industry specialization in all parts of the world for many years. Observations indicate that the phenomenon of cluster development has virtually spread all industrial fields. In the manufacturing sector, the phenomenon of industry spatial agglomeration development has been particularly conspicuous. In addition, many commercial and service industries and so on have possessed the same characteristics as"cluster groups". For example, China's Zhejiang Yiwu Small Commodity Market; Nanjing Xinjiekou Commercial Street, Shanghai's Nanjing Road Commercial Street, Beijing Wangfujing Commercial Street, The Beijing Road Commercial Street in Guangzhou, as well as integrated, Professional wholesale market clusters in different areas, etc. Famous streets of Shinjuku in Tokyo, Oxford Street in London, Manhattan's Fifth Avenue in New York. At broad, there are shopping malls on the outskirts of major cities. Clusters can bring sustained competitive advantage for regional economy.The economic phenomenon has attracted the concern of many scholars. So far, the theoretical study on done by domestic and foreign scholars covers clustering concept, clustering classification, clustering causes. Cluster theory has become an important branch of economics. However, the available literature at home and abroad shows: the majority research on the cluster is to apply the theory of cluster to the analysis of the manufacturing industries, very few is on the business cluster.The writer believes that cluster theory is worth studying. Similarly there are division and collaboration among enterprises in business cluster. clusters will be conducive to communication and application of business skills, information, managerial experiences and new ideas, new concepts among cluster enterprises, and will help improve efficiency in the use of business public resources, and is conducive to reducing the operating costs of commercial enterprises, the formation of two-tier competitive advantage of a single business enterprise and the regional businessCluster is the result of balanced and increased benefits of participants by game. The combined effect of business clusters improves the overall efficiency, and the repeated games among participants (commercial enterprises, consumers, suppliers, governments and real estate agents, etc.) promote reasonable allocation of clusters overall profits among participants in order to create a dynamic win-win benefit mechanism, and continue to attract new members to promote the expansion and development of the cluster, which is continued momentum of the continuous development of business cluster.From the dynamic point of view, the paper is based on the results of research and practical experience on cluster theory both at home and abroad, taking the mechanism of formation, growth and sustained development of business cluster as the main line, using spatial economics theory and case analysis, and it studies the different types, inherent mechanism and many other aspects, and then constructs a relatively complete Business Cluster Theory System to explain as a theory provide advice in the development and innovation of China's business cluster and urban Development, as well as the enhancement of regional economic competitiveness.In this paper, according to the logic idea from the individual to the overall, it constructs theoretical framework of business clusters. From the existing research literature, define the concept of business clusters, propose a three-phase development path, as well as analysis framework on a variety of competitive types. use several mathematical models to analyze aggregation causes of business clusters and aggregation mechanism on the traditional Commercial Street, Central Business District, shopping malls, professional markets, the Yiwu markets and all specific types of business clusters, then return to the level of the overall analysis, summarize common rules the development and trend of business clusters, which constitutes a relatively complete analysis system, and put forward policy recommendations to promote the healthy development of business clusters.The paper is made up of four parts: the first part is the introduction that is chapter1; the second part is about the literature review, theoretical basis, concept and theoretical analysis framework, including the first 2 and 3 chapters. The third part is aggregation mechanism analysis of various business clusters, namely, the 4,5,6,7,8 chapters. The fourth part is on common rules, development trends and policy recommendations, namely, chapter 9, and finally the concluding remarks.Chapter 1 is the introduction. It introduces the background and significance of research, objectives, methods and ideas of research, frameworks, the basic contents and the innovations of this paper.Chapter 2 is the literature reviews on cluster and theoretical foundation. According to analysis of business clusters and the literature reviews, presents the theoretical foundation on the analysis business clustersChapter 3: Business Cluster: concept and theoretical analysis framework. Explain the concept, the evolution and classification of the business cluster, and propose three-stage cluster commercial development path, as well as analysis framework on a variety of competitive types, and use mathematical model of space economics to analyze and prove the concentrated causes of the three developmental stages of business clusters.Chapter 4: business cluster of traditional Commercial Streets. The chapter describes the basic profiles Commercial Street and aggregation mechanism of business cluster: centralization causes of Commercial Street stores; economic and brand effects is to an important motive for clusters; business cluster is the result of a win-win situation for businessmen, consumers, government, real estate agents interestsChapter 5: City Central Business District (BCD). This chapter defines the difference between BCD and CBD and thinks Central Business District (CBD) is developed on the basis of the business Street, in a broad sense, is business cluster. BCD business cluster is in agreement with the development rules, can share external economic interests, and is the result driven by win-win mechanism.Chapter 6: City Shopping Centre. This chapter analyzes the basic profiles on shopping centre at home and abroad that the particularity of China's shopping centre that distinguishes it from Europe and the United States. Explain the mechanism of their concentration based on consumer search on store gathering space economic mathematical model. Gathering can enhance the efficiency of the transmission of information and sharing demand, which is the main reason business cluster aggregation. Shopping Centre is the win-win mechanism formed by Game of the interests of all parties Chapter 7: professional market. The professional markets evolve from country markets, mainly wholesale or retail certain commodity market type business clusters. Citations are based on the two economies'(buyers and suppliers) Location Choice Game balanced mathematical model to explain the mechanism of the professional market concentration. Professional market can effectively reduce transaction costs, give rise to cluster economic effects, and win-win pattern of interests is the sustainable driving force of formation of professional market operation and development.Chapter 8: Yiwu market clusters. Market cluster refers to a concentration phenomenon a number of similar or heterogeneous professional markets in urban space. Zhejiang Yiwu city market cluster is a typical business cluster. This chapter, from the perspective of the evolution of the path, analyze the historical process from the bazaar through Small Commodity Market to the professional market in Yiwu and develop into market cluster around urban space. The paper pointes out that the professional market can promote specialization, and promote the development of industrial clusters, and the development of industrial clusters, in turn, hasten the development of the different types of professional markets, and formation of market clusters; market clusters further enhance professional collaboration level, accelerating regional economic development, and make all parties including production enterprises, commercial enterprises and the enterprises procurement, logistics companies and other service enterprises, commercial real estate owners, city government attend, benefit and form a powerful force, therefore to promote rapid and sustained development of market clusters and urban and regional economy.Chapter 9: common rule, development trends and policy recommendations and closing remarks. This chapter summarizes 5 common rules of formation and development on business clusters, which analyze the development factors of business cluster, the prospects for the development trend of business clusters and make several policy recommendations to promote growth and development of business clusters.The paper presents the following innovative views:1. Commenting on literature, on the basis of space (concentration) economic theory, define the concept and types of business clusters, From the overall through the individual to the overall logic, construct a relatively complete Research System on business clusters.The paper, through observation and summarizing analysis, proposes a three-stage development path of business cluster. Every business cluster has experienced the development process from the initial, the growth, and then to the mature stage. The paper further analyzes and proves that business cluster is polymer for a variety of competitive types and build an analytical framework, uses mathematical methods to analyze combined causes, functions and features of business clusters, summarizes 5 common laws, analyzes factors and development trend of business cluster, as well as business clusters, and puts forward policy recommendations to promote business clusters. This text constitutes a relatively complete research system.2. According to the aforementioned analytical framework, use mathematical model of space economics to analyze the concentrated causes of the three developmental stages of business clusters.Space (concentration) Economics thinks that the cost of information gathering has relations with consumers and the location of businesses. Every business recognizes the optimal choice (location and price) depends on the demand of products. This depends on consumers'distribution, that is, the choice of consumers directly affects the choice of businesses. Conversely, the optimal choice of consumers (location and consumption) is dependent on the overall distribution of businesses. This interdependence between the two distributions ultimately realizes balance through repeated games among commercial enterprises and consumers, that is, their income (or profits) and the utility maximization, under a certain geographical space and price conditions, of commercial enterprises, of consumers and users (under certain assumptions). Space (concentration) Economics is based on the basic idea, builds the mathematical model to explain causes for business clusters. In this paper, quotes several mathematical models, the initial stage arises from the interaction need between a business enterprise and consumer or user, the growth stage is promoted by continuous entry and monopoly competition of commercial enterprises that carry out different competitive strategies; and the maturity stage is formed by the entry of well-known department stores and oligopoly competition as a mark, explains gathering motives in the process of business clusters from three levels. On the theory explanation, makes a reasonable explanation on the development mechanism of business clusters.3. Summarize 5 common rules of business cluster development and operation.(1) Business clusters go through three-stage development. Business cluster development in general has gone through the initial concentration, growth and maturity stages. the aggregation causes in the initial stage, are mainly for commercial enterprises to reduce consumer search costs, in the growth stage, are for mainly the initial combined effect to attract many commercial enterprises to continue to expand the scale of clusters; in the maturity stage, are mainly for the entry of well-known department stores to raise brand visibility, attract more businesses and customers'access to clusters and make them tend to be mature.(2) The win-win situation for all participants is the sustainable development motive of business cluster. Production enterprises, businesses, consumers or users, such as real estate agents and the Government form a complete value chain, and join the value creation process of business clusters. Repeated games among them create revenue,realize reasonable division among participants, thereby form a win-win benefit mechanism, and encourage participants to participate in increasing investments, improve output efficiency, and thereby form a cohesive force and promote the sustainable development of business cluster.(3) Reducing transaction costs is the lifeblood of business cluster development. On the one hand, concentrated shops in business clusters form commercial polymer to meet consumers with the various levels and consumer preferences, therefore lower search costs of consumers, which attract large numbers of consumers to patronize, and the effects have spread by several effect, attract customers and the customers, result in the increase in the number of customers, and expand the sales of goods within the cluster, reduce the cost to attract customers. On the other hand, common infrastructure in enterprises in clusters can reduce cost-sharing, cluster brand effect can be shared and save advertising costs, and so on. The reduction of transaction costs would, in turn, attract more shops and more customers into clusters, create the greater combined effect, and further reduce transaction costs, thereby forming a virtuous expansion path for business clusters (4) Public services and infrastructure of the government is the protection and the propellant for business cluster development. The commercial activities in business clusters are collaborated by logistics, information flow and capital flow, and need sufficient logistics, information flow and capital flow, rely on the urban infrastructure and related services businesses and the government to provide public services. Business clusters form a win-win mechanism in the interests of all parties, thus city government, real estate, transport, logistics, telecommunications and banking enterprises, have adequate driving force to invest in urban infrastructure and provide services of logistics, information flow, cash flow and maintaining the market order. Business clusters development so as to provide the necessary system security and environmental conditions, to propel smooth growth for business clusters.(5) The benign interaction business Cluster development and city and regional economic development promotes the development level transitions of two sides. Formation and development of business cluster promote the associated transportation, warehousing, telecommunications, financial services, restaurants and entertainment and other tertiary industries, as well as real estate development, enhance the attractiveness of the city, radiation, circulation functions of business and trade. And the enhancement of city business function, influences the surrounding areas, promotes its industrial clustering and professional collaboration level and accelerates regional economic development. The rapid development of regional economy, in turn, promotes business clusters and urban economic development. Their benign interaction promotes each other, and even promote the two sides to a more senior level development.4. Discuss development, changing factors and trends business clusters and propose a set of policy recommendations to promote the sustainable development of business clusters.Documentation and observation show, the change of urban layout and traffic conditions, which will help the adjustment of the layout of business clusters; The new commercial patterns such as e-commerce, chain operations, commercial agent will take away a part of trading volume of business clusters. The competition among business clusters will lead to the rise or fall, to promote the application of information technologies, will improve the level of information technology of business cluster. These factors will promote business clusters to develop in the direction of information, agent-based system, the intensive transactions, and gradually change the current status in low-level information, fair-type trade, rough transaction, increase service functions and efficiency in the business clusters The paper suggests that the Government should strengthen system building of the legal and public service, the establishment of a fair competitive market environment; strengthen the construction of infrastructure, improve environmental conditions in logistics, information flow and capital flow, establish credibility social environment, and strengthen the public service functions to promote business cluster to develop to the senior level.Business clusters is a complex system, due to the author's ability level, research capabilities, data collection, and many other reasons, the thesis is only a preliminary study on the business cluster, not forming a more systematic, generally-accepted analytical framework on business cluster in academic circle, therefore needs to be further supplemented and perfected in the future study. In this paper, if there is something wrong or questionable places, please the experts can criticize and correct them.
|
PDF Full Text Request