| Firstly this paper analyzed the basic situation of Chinese import and export trade of cotton. Then, based on the neat strip cotton industry chain from the cotton seed to the ginned cotton, taking the competitive advantage theory as a foundation, proposed that the ginned cotton international competitiveness's formation mechanism hypothesis, and performed the real diagnosis examination using the data correlating with American cotton industry. Based on this, the author compares the competitive power and the influencing factor of the main cotton countries on different laminations to find the strenghth and weakness of different cotton-producding contries. Then, the author discovers questions of cotton industry in international competition in china.Looked from the world cotton import-export trade development and the international competition condition, the world cotton supply and demand is roughly balanced. Production and expense are growing stably. Based on the different status of various countries in international cotton market, cotton producing counties can be divided into three types: Trade net import country, trade net exporter and trade adjustment country. The US, Uzbekistan, the African country belong to France and Australia are the cotton trade net exporter, their total quantity for cotton export occupies 2/3 of the global cotton export trade. The world main cotton trade net exporter have different concrete conditions and different competition strategies.Chinese cotton demand is mainly the spinning and weaving with the cotton, the cotton supply capacity cannot satisfy the domestic demand for a long time besides the late 80s.after entryed the WTO, the cotton demand of spinning and weaving rises rapidly, cotton import and export has transformed the status of "the second reserve" into the key position which links up for China and the world cotton economy. The cotton import and export development process of our country may divide into four stages. The character of cotton import and export development can be induced as: Long-term dependent import; Export quantity is limited; the net import fluctuated obviously in 80s of 20 century. The efficiency of cotton import-export trade is low, and the benefit is bad; after entryed the WTO, the export atrophied rapidly, and the import volume rised suddenly.According to the competitive power theory, this article thought: we can promulgate the root which the cotton international competitiveness forms from four dimensions which include the competitive power formation stage (causal relation), the competitive power influencing factor level, the industrial chain different link's competitive power form and the risk income. 1,The analysis of a country's cotton international competitiveness may carries on from the reason and the result two angles, but the reason has the different level, therefore it constituted three stages which the competitive power forms: competition potential, competitive ability, competition situation. Looking from the result angle, the competition situation is the result of competitive ability; the competition strength is the result of competition potential. Looking from the reason angle, the competition potential is the direct reason of competition strength; competitive ability is the direct reason of competition situation. Competitive ability may divide into the competition strength and the competition capacity two kinds, regardless of being the strength or capacity; it may carries on the analysis from the two levels of government and the enterprise. Therefore, the analysis on cotton industry competitive power constitutes of competition potential, competitive ability and competition situation. 2,competition potential and competitive ability exist different level. According to the competition potential, it exists the competitive powers of five stratification plane such as international, macroscopic, intermediate perspective, microscopic and nature. According to competition capacity, it exists competitive ability of country and enterprise two stratification plane. 3,The essential method of international cotton market competition includes price competition and non-price competition. Corresponds with it, the cotton market competitive power is decided by the non-price variance such as cotton cost and the quality and so on. In the same quality situation, the low cost may forms the price superiority. The cotton cost is decided by the cotton seed, the planter and the neat strip cotton industry chain, therefore, the cotton price superiority's formation stems from the cotton industry chain cost management. Meeting the Textile enterprise cotton quality need, can obtain the bigger market share, the cotton quality right and wrong price competition basic premise. The cotton quality is the basic premise of non-price competition. The cotton quality is also decided by the cotton seed quality, the cultivation quality and the processing quality. Only strengthening the quality control of the entire cotton industry chain can finally improve the cotton quality and obtain the quality competitive power of cotton market. To the cotton industry competitive power's analysis, industry chain dimensions by three link constitutions of the cotton seed, cultivates and processes. 4,looking from essential, the three analysis dimension above is the analysis which forms the competitive power from the angle of the cotton management income gain. In another word, first it analyzes each kind of definite factor of the gain cost, the quality and income. Then, it discusses the influence to the competitive situation. In the fact, each kind of risk has the great importance to the cotton management income's formation in the cotton production operation process. Therefore, researching cotton operation income and market competition result from risk angle also constitutes an important dimension of cotton international competitiveness analysis.The direct cotton international competitiveness factor model and the indirect factor model can be confirmed using the American cotton industry's correlation data. The confirmation indicated: The factors influence cotton industry international competitiveness includes the competitive ability and the competition potential. On the cotton industry chain the potential and the ability have certain significance to the ginned cotton international competitiveness. Therefore, the hypothesis above has been confirmed.Through the contrastive analysis of indicators of main countries which produce cotton, the author obtains the following conclusions:According to the result, Chinese cotton does not have the competitive advantage in the international market, American, Australian and the Uzbekistan competitive power is stronger than the others, next is Brazil.According to the factors of the competitive ability which has several influence on competitive advantage: (1) Chinese cotton cost is obviously higher than Pakistan and India. Comparing with both of these two countries in the price, Chinese cotton does not have the competitive power. But the both their domestic demand is so big in the cotton that they have no competitive advantage in the export market. (2) Chinese seed cotton yield per unit area is high and only inferior to Australia; but this is insufficient to change the competition situation in international market. Australia cotton yield per unit area is in the lead by far in other countries, which is one of the important basic factors of competitive power. But American and Uzbekistan seed cotton yield per unit area indicators is not high, explaining that their competitive advantage the formation stems from the land production efficiency by no means. (3) Looking from the processing efficiency of cotton, Chinese cotton processing efficiency is low and this forms the big disparity with Australia. American and Uzbekistan ginned cotton yield per unit area was not still high, showed that its competitive power by no means stems from the processing efficiency.According to the competition potential, China land resource is deficient. The average cultivated area per person index is 8th in the 9 countries. Australia and the US land resource is rich and the pool of labor power is deficient. These result in their higher cotton cost. Uzbekistan does not have the superiority in the labor force and the land resource aspect. Looking from the pool of labor power talent and the domestic demand to our country cotton processing industry's influence, China is best. India and Pakistan occupy world second and third place. However, china cotton processing industry efficiency was not high, which indicate that the cotton domestic demand did not promote the processing industry in China.Four conclusions can be obtained by comparing the cotton quality, the technology, the policy and the risk of operating cotton in China, US and Australia: (1) China cotton quality in the textile fiber quality indicators contrast, part of them surpasses the US. But looking from the final ginned cotton quality, Chinese cotton quality lacks the superiority. The ginned cotton quality is decided by the entire process from the cotton seed breeding to the ginned cotton processing and transportation. The reason which Chinese cotton quality question produces is various. The natural condition makes Australian and the Uzbekistan cotton quality outstanding. They have the very strong quality superiority. (2) In cotton breeding technique and promoted aspect, Chinese cotton industry had made great strides, but compared with the US and Australia it still had the big disparity. Because element of production resources talent is different from china and other countries such as American, Australian and Uzbekistan, the cotton crop production technology demand is different. The contribution share from technique factor in the seed cotton delivers indicate: Chinese non-essential factor contribution share is higher than the US by far. And the analysis believed that Chinese countryside's system transformation promoted the cotton productivity enhancement. In the process technology aspect, Chinese cotton process technology is comparatively backward and the Australian efficiency is highest. (3) Chinese cotton policy regulation scope is narrow and lack deficient in stability. The tax policy once became a resistance of the cotton crop production development. Comparatively, the US government provides many supporting policy to cotton industry. In Australian cotton in controlled by the market regulation completely. And the government policy support is weaker than the US's. However, the cotton industry socialization services structure is perfect and the government service function has laid the good foundation for the cotton industry's development. Chinese cotton policy should be strengthened and the government service mechanism should be improved to help people overcome their difficulties for the cotton grower. (4) Chinese cotton risk management had already made the progress, especially in the natural hazards circumvention aspect. Although the result is remarkable, looking from the empirical analysis result, Chinese cotton futures market is weak -like effective. Comparing with the US, the futures market could not provide effective refuge-taking tool for the cotton operator. Chinese cotton industry operators are undertaking the enormous risk and the price risk has been affecting the development of Chinese cotton industry enormously.The text tests the direct factor model and the indirect factor model which affect the cotton international competitiveness using the American cotton industry's related data. The test indicates: the factors influenced cotton industry international competitiveness include the competitive ability and competitive potential two stratification plane. Potential and ability of the last the cotton industry chain link has certain significance to the ginned cotton international competitiveness. Therefore, it has confirmed theory hypothesis above. Looked from the world cotton import-export trade development and the international competition condition; the world cotton supply and demand is roughly balanced, production and consumption grow stably. In accordance with various countries' status in international cotton market balance between supply and demand, it may divide into three types: Trade net import country, trade net export country, trade adjustment country in which the net import and net import status transform frequently. The US, Uzbekistan, France-African country and Australia are the cotton trade net exporter, its total export quantity occupies 2/3 of the global cotton export trade. Concrete term and the competition strategy are not alike in the world main cotton trade net export country.Based on the research above, this article gives the following policy proposals: 1,From the microscopic stratification plane, we should make full use of the essential factor resources talent. Cut down the cotton industry cost and increase the benefit. At the same time, strengthen the quality control, improve the cotton quality diligently and intensify the cotton's production and operation ability. Enhance the cotton's marketing level on the domestic and global market. We should reinforce the research development dynamics to provide the powerful technical support for cotton production .2,From the intermediate perspective stratification plane, we should strengthen the infrastructural construction and improve the natural environment of cotton economic development. Refine the cotton production's region layout and display the region's superiority fully; strengthen the industrial chain management and organization cooperation. Perfect the cotton future market of our country. Focus on the whole cotton industry chain and strengthen the amity and validity of the industrial support policy. Strengthen the cotton risk management; study the international rule of cotton competition, set up cotton trade policy scientifically and promote the competitive power of cotton industry. 3,From the macroscopic stratification plane, we should perfect the cotton market system, promote cotton industry healthy development; enhance the construction of law and market service structure; maintain the peace of the cotton market; develop the rural education career to improve the fanners' quality; deepen agricultural scientific research frame reform, and solve the problem of the produce operation departing from cotton science.
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