The Modern Evolution Of The Structure Of Agricultural Economy In Guangxi Perspective

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region locates in China's southern frontier. There are twelve nationalities living in here for generations, such as Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Dong, Jing. As a multi-national bordering Province, due to special geographical environment and complicated history, its development of regional economy was in relatively backward and closed state. Compared with the situation of coastal area and vast hinterland of central China, its small-scale peasant economy is still dominant. In the modern times, the foreign capitalist invaded, and this leaded to the gradual disintegration of natural economy. Guangxi agricultural economy structure changed quickly. The evolution of agricultural economy structure not only affected the allocation pattern of agricultural production factors at different levels and the change of industrial structure, but also spread to all aspects of the whole agricultural growth by the multiplier effect, which led the agricultural growth power structure to change fundamentally.The agricultural economy Structure evolution in modern Guangxi was a process of rural land property systems and management styles changing continuously, agriculture industrial structure optimizing, traditional agriculture modernizing. It promoted agricultural economy in modern Guangxi. On the basis of relevant research results, the present dissertation adopts interdisciplinary theories and methods to take land ownership structure, agricultural management structure, agriculture industrial structure as focal points, analyzing agricultural economic structure evolution of modern Guangxi in seven aspects. It reveals the track of the evolution of agricultural economic structure, historical characteristics and power mechanism in modern Guangxi theoretically. It is expected that the research should provide a reference on agricultural industry structure adjustment in Guangxi and the surrounding provinces under the background of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.The present article argues that, the general trend of the agricultural economy structure evolution in modern Guangxi was optimizing constantly, and promoted the development of agricultural economy. But there were some complications and errors in the process at certain time, and caused severe damage to the development of agriculture. The land ownership structure of modern Guangxi evolved from the feudal ownership of land by landlords to the ownership of land by farmers, the former consisting of communal ownership, private ownership by landlords and private ownership by yeomen, and the latter emphasizing the farmers have their own lands as its essence. In 1956, the socialist collective ownership of rural land was established. The agricultural management structure evolved from the feudal small-scale farmer management to socialist mutual aiding and cooperative management, socialist collective management, household contract responsibility system. The change had laid foundation for the agricultural modernization in Guangxi. However, because of the precocious reform of the ownership of land by farmers to socialist land collective ownership and the premature escalation of the mutual aiding and cooperative managerial style to the collective managerial style, which was not fit to the level of rural productive forces, the enthusiasm of production of farmers was dampened to a certain extent, and the development of rural economy was damaged seriously. Household contract responsibility system improved the enthusiasm of farmers' production, and promoted agricultural production development. Because of the weak position of collective land ownership system, the right to use the land of farmers is fragile. Moreover, with a large population and a small quantity of farming land and the backward state of the tertiary industry, Guangxi rural land transfer was difficult and the scale of management was small. This in return checked the further development of agriculture. There is not any contradiction between household contract responsibility system and the scale management of farmland. The agriculture in many countries, including the large-scale modern agriculture in the United States and Canada, is based on household contract responsibility system. The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Some Issues concerning the Improvement of Rural Reform and Development" adopted by the third plenary session of the 17th CPC central committee permits and encourages rural land contracted management rights to be transferred. This is of great significance for household land operation scale to be enlarged.The industrial structure of agriculture evolved gradually from the single structure of grain to the structure in which forestry, livestock breeding, fishery and sideline production developed comprehensively, and crop industry was the major variety. With the commercialization of agricultural products improving constantly in modern Guangxi, the market structure of agricultural products optimized constantly. This encouraged the development of agricultural production. But in the period of people's commune especially during the Cultural Revolution, grain production was emphasized overly, and family sidelines and country fair trade were restricted, which disrupted the economic structure of agriculture that had been rational more and more. As a result, the agricultural production was influenced, and the living standard of farmers decreased. This situation turned for the better gradually since the economic reform and opening-up.There are many causes for the evolution of the economic structure of agriculture in modern Guangxi. The speed of change of the agricultural economic structure was relatively rapid in Guangxi since 1949 mainly because of governmental policies and the considerable effects of market demand. The practice of adopting policies to promote the structural changes in the agricultural economy divorced from reality and was beyond the consciousness of vast farmers. It had some passive influence. Because of the influence of geographical and historical factors, the change of agricultural industry and products market structure in modern Guangxi had direct relations with the location of Guangxi in China's southern frontier and opening-up to the outside world. This is an important characteristic different from those of coastal areas of southeast China and the hinterland.Taking a Chronological Survey on the history of the evolution of agricultural economic structure in modern Guangxi, learning Lessons and extracting experiences from it, in future, Guangxi should improve the rural land property rights system and the mode of operation constantly according to the requirement of the development of productive forces, promote the advance of technology and the development of agriculture by the innovation of institutions. According to the principle of pursuing advantages and avoiding detriments, the agricultural industrial structure that conforms to economic regionalization and economic globalization should be constructed. At the same time, both marketing method and planning method should be used to adjust agricultural economic structure.