A Study On The Agricultural Economy And Society In North Ern Dynasties In The View Of The Climate

This article is to study the climate change,the agricultural economy and the society in Northern Dynasties.The whole text is made up of three parts:the sub-preface,the body and the conclusion.The first chapter summarizes the basic situation and the main features of the Northern climate through literaturing and researching.Basing on the climate change,chapter two studies the agricultural situations in the Northern Dynasties during the period of this time.Although the results of the previous studies related to the agriculture of this period,it lacks climate perspective and has no concern about the changes in agriculture under the climate change.Because the agricultural production sector occupied an important dominance position in the traditional society,good or bad, the agricultural harvests affected the stability of the price or even the whole society,but in the agricultural society,the planting structure and the production of the grain were restrained by the climate.So this chapter studies the agriculture of this period considering the climate change,in other words,about how farmers adjusting to climate change during this period.Chapter three studies the impact on the natural economy and the Military System for the change of the agriculture.Climate change might also lead to changes in social production,such as the increase or decrease of the employment level.In the traditional agricultural society,the influence was mainly manifested by the distribution of the labor forces in agriculture,handicrafts and commercial, which resulted in the decrease of the labor forces in commercial and handicraft production department, and therefore also led to the contraction of the merchandise economy.Since planting structure was adjusted,the free time of the peasants also changed.It also had influence on the military system in which the peasants were also considered as soldiers,for the soldiers under such Military System were required to have longer military training before battle.Chapter four inspects the family situation during this period.Climate cooling caused drought and famine to happen more frequently.In order to survive in famine,apart from changing the agricultural planting structure and a multi-pronged approach to ensure food security,farmers also need to control population growth,even killed the female infants by drowning.This led to the imbalance between men and women in society.So they had early marriage.Meantime,in order to survive and avoid famine,the family must be maintained to be in a certain scale,which would definitely affect the family structure and the clan organizations.Chapter five studies the relief act about various forces during this time.The impact of climate cooling on agricultural production,resulted in the reduce of the food production,and therefore food supply in the Northern Dynasties was particularly limited.When famine occurred,the relief from the central government was often inadequate,which often put the responsibilities of the charity they should have to the local forces and the Buddhists,therefore local forces and Buddhists had great influence in local places.To address this situation,on the one hand,the central government should let them play an active role,on the other hand,they must think of ways to control these forces.The strength of the imperial court had a trend of gradually extending to the grass-root,meanwhile,local forces had also gradually changed their patterns of behavior.It made China gradually transit from the society of strong forces to the one which could enrich the whole people.The basic conclusion is as follows:the cooling of the climate in the Northern Dynasties affected the agricultural production and it also caused the frequent occurrence of the famine.So it had a profound impact on the Northern agricultural economy and the society and became one of the factors resulting in a larger Chinese cultural differences between North and South during this period.In this paper,an interdisciplinary research method is used,apart from the traditional method of the historical research.The article also incorporates a number of theories and research methods in the natural and social sciences.In this paper,economic history and the history of the Northern Dynasties are by reference.